标题： 企业竞争：一个自组织网络 显示英文标题

标题： Corporate competition: A self-organized network

摘要： 大量研究已将物理系统中普遍性质的工作扩展到社会、生物和技术系统中的复杂网络。 在本文中，我们通过映射、分析和建模美国国内各种行业和部门中大型企业间竞争网络的空间结构，从复杂网络的角度探讨了企业间组织网络。 我们提出了两个微观动态模型，这些模型能够以竞争网络形成的一组基本机制为自然结果，再现经验观察到的竞争网络特征。 这两个模型采用不同的方法，但应用了共同的网络形成原则，给出了相似的结果。 被视为竞争对手的公司之间存在不对称性，以及认为其他公司为竞争对手的公司之间存在不对称性。 所有公司仅考虑少数其他公司作为竞争对手；然而，有一些公司被许多其他公司视为竞争对手。 在地理上，公司总部的密度与当地人口密度高度相关，两家公司成为竞争对手的概率随着地理距离的增加而下降。 我们通过使用随机合并来增长具有竞争关系的企业网络，这些合并受到人口密度和地理距离的调节，从而构建了这些特性。 我们的新分析、方法和实证结果与各种社会和市场行为现象相关，并对经济地理学、经济社会学和区域经济发展等研究领域有启示意义。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A substantial number of studies have extended the work on universal properties in physical systems to complex networks in social, biological, and technological systems. In this paper, we present a complex networks perspective on interfirm organizational networks by mapping, analyzing and modeling the spatial structure of a large interfirm competition network across a variety of sectors and industries within the United States. We propose two micro-dynamic models that are able to reproduce empirically observed characteristics of competition networks as a natural outcome of a minimal set of general mechanisms governing the formation of competition networks. Both models, which utilize different approaches yet apply common principles to network formation give comparable results. There is an asymmetry between companies that are considered competitors, and companies that consider others as their competitors. All companies only consider a small number of other companies as competitors; however, there are a few companies that are considered as competitors by many others. Geographically, the density of corporate headquarters strongly correlates with local population density, and the probability two firms are competitors declines with geographic distance. We construct these properties by growing a corporate network with competitive links using random incorporations modulated by population density and geographic distance. Our new analysis, methodology and empirical results are relevant to various phenomena of social and market behavior, and have implications to research fields such as economic geography, economic sociology, and regional economic development.