标题： 早期类型星系在z~1.3。 IV。 不同环境中的尺度关系 显示英文标题

标题： Early-type galaxies at z~1.3. IV. Scaling relations in different environments

摘要： 我们展示了早期类型星系（ETGs）在z~1.3时的Kormendy关系和质量-大小关系作为环境的函数。我们的样本包括76个视觉分类的ETGs，质量范围为10^10 < M/Msun < 10^11.5，在Lynx超星系团和GOODS/CDF-S区域选定，其中31个ETGs位于星系团中，18个在星系群中，27个在场域中，所有这些都有多波段测光数据和HST/ACS观测。Kormendy关系在z~1.3时存在，并不依赖于环境。质量-大小关系显示，总体而言，ETGs在更密集的环境中显得更紧凑：星系团中的ETGs尺寸平均比本地宇宙的小30-50%，并且分布的离散度更小，而场域中的ETGs的质量-大小关系与本地的类似。我们的结果表明，(1)从z ~ 1.3到现在，场域中的质量-大小关系整体没有演化；这很有趣，并且与之前研究在更高质量上发现的趋势相反；(2)在更密集的环境中，要么ETGs平均增加了30-50%的尺寸并扩展了它们的分布，要么更多的ETGs是在密集环境中由非ETG前体形成的，或者更大的星系被吸积到原始致密种群中以重现本地宇宙中观察到的质量-大小关系。我们的结果是由质量M<2*10^11Msun的星系驱动的，而质量M~10^11Msun的星系遵循整个样本相同的趋势。根据Valentinuzzi等人的定义，大约35-45%的我们星系团样本由超致密ETGs组成。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present the Kormendy and mass-size relations for early-type galaxies (ETGs) as a function of environment at z~1.3. Our sample includes 76 visually classified ETGs with masses 10^10 < M/Msun < 10^11.5, selected in the Lynx supercluster and in the GOODS/CDF-S field, 31 ETGs in clusters, 18 in groups and 27 in the field, all with multi-wavelength photometry and HST/ACS observations. The Kormendy relation, in place at z~1.3, does not depend on the environment. The mass-size relation reveals that ETGs overall appear to be more compact in denser environments: cluster ETGs have sizes on average around 30-50% smaller than those of the local universe, and a distribution with a smaller scatter, whereas field ETGs show a mass-size relation with a similar distribution than the local one. Our results imply that (1) the mass-size relation in the field did not evolve overall from z ~ 1.3 to present; this is interesting and in contrast to the trend found at higher masses from previous works; (2) in denser environments, either ETGs have increased their size by 30-50%, on average, and spread their distributions, or more ETGs have been formed within the dense environment from not ETG progenitors or larger galaxies have been accreted to a pristine compact population to reproduce the mass-size relation observed in the local Universe. Our results are driven by galaxies with masses M<2*10^11Msun and those with masses M~10^11Msun follow the same trends that the entire sample. Following Valentinuzzi et al. definition of superdense ETGs, around 35-45% of our cluster sample is made of superdense ETGs.