标题： 广义协变性的意义以及观察者在广义相对论中的相关性 显示英文标题

标题： On the Meaning of General Covariance and the Relevance of Observers in General Relativity

摘要： 自广义相对论出现以来，其内在的普遍协变性常常被误解为意味着物理上有意义的量（以及从理论中得出的结论）必须绝对独立于观察者。这种错误的观点有时表现为在理论的结构和应用中抛弃观察者的概念。正如本文将通过一些例子强调的那样，观察者的概念对于广义相对论来说，就如同对于任何物理理论一样至关重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Since the appearance of General Relativity, its intrinsec general covariance has been very often misinterpreted as implying that physically meaningful quantitities (and conclusions extracted from the theory) have to be absolutely independent on observers. This incorrect point of view is sometimes expressed by discarding the very concept of observer in the structure and applications of the theory. As we shall stress in this essay, through some examples, the concept of observer is as essential to General Relativity as it is to any physical theory.