标题： 国际贸易网络的结构哈密顿量 显示英文标题

标题： Structural Hamiltonian of the international trade network

摘要： 孤立经济岛屿的说法早已深入人心，没有任何国家能够置身于全球经济之外，所有国家都通过贸易和金融相互联系在一起。在此，我们分析国际交易网络（ITN），即国与国之间进出口关系的网络。我们表明，在所分析的50年（自1950年起）中的每一年，该网络都是最大化随机网络集合的一个典型代表。结构哈密顿量被制定并讨论，用于描述ITN的二值版本和加权版本。特别是，给定ITN的二值表示（即贸易渠道的二值网络），我们证明了贸易伙伴关系网络可以用配置模型很好地描述。此外，我们还表明，在ITN的加权版本中，双边贸易额（即代表国与国之间贸易/资金流动的方向连接）仅仅由两国GDP的乘积决定，这与著名的引力贸易模型一致。 显示英文摘要

摘要： It is common wisdom that no nation is an isolated economic island. All nations participate in the global economy and are linked together through trade and finance. Here we analyze international trade network (ITN), being the network of import-export relationships between countries. We show that in each year over the analyzed period of 50 years (since 1950) the network is a typical representative of the ensemble of maximally random networks. Structural Hamiltonians characterizing binary and weighted versions of ITN are formulated and discussed. In particular, given binary representation of ITN (i.e. binary network of trade channels) we show that the network of partnership in trade is well described by the configuration model. We also show that in the weighted version of ITN, bilateral trade volumes (i.e. directed connections which represent trade/money flows between countries) are only characterized by the product of the trading countries' GDPs, like in the famous gravity model of trade.