标题： 高能粒子在束流喷流中的引力模型 显示英文标题

标题： Gravitational Model of High Energy Particles in a Collimated Jet

摘要： 观测表明，相对论性粒子在活跃星系核喷流的动力学以及它们与星团内介质的相互作用中扮演着基础角色。然而，关于这些高能粒子的加速机制尚未达成普遍共识。 这里提出了一种引力加速机制，在该机制中，从旋转超大质量黑洞的能层特定区域逸出的粒子会产生一个高度集束的流。这些粒子遵循不束缚的测地线，这些测地线渐近平行于黑洞的自旋轴，并由能量 \(E_\{\text\{$E$\}\}\)、卡特常数 \(Q_\{\text\{${\cal Q}$\}\}\) 和分量 \(L_\{\text\{$L_z$\}\}\) 的零角动量特征。 如果忽略环境效应，当前模型预测在距离能层约140千秒差距的地方存在能量在9.4GeV左右的电子。 当前机制还可以加速质子至目前实验观测到的宇宙射线的最高能量。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Observations suggest that relativistic particles play a fundamental role in the dynamics of jets emerging from active galactic nuclei as well as in their interaction with the intracluster medium. However, no general consensus exists concerning the acceleration mechanism of those high energy particles. A gravitational acceleration mechanism is here proposed, in which particles leaving precise regions within the ergosphere of a rotating supermassive black hole produce a highly collimated flow. These particles follow unbound geodesics which are asymptotically parallel to the spin axis of the black hole and are characterized by the energy $E$, the Carter constant ${\cal Q}$ and zero angular momentum of the component $L_z$. If environmental effects are neglected, the present model predicts at distances of about 140 kpc from the ergosphere the presence of electrons with energies around 9.4 GeV. The present mechanism can also accelerate protons up to the highest energies observed in cosmic rays by the present experiments.