标题： 从有效格点理论来看重密夸克色动力学和核物质 显示英文标题

标题： Heavy dense QCD and nuclear matter from an effective lattice theory

摘要： 由QCD通过规范作用的基本特征字符u和跃迁参数 \kappa 的展开推导出一个关于Polyakov环的有效三维格点理论，其作用精度达到 \kappa ^n u^m，其中n+m=4。 在有限重子密度下，该有效理论存在符号问题，该问题满足所有标准，可以用复Langevin模拟以及在小体积上的Monte Carlo方法来解决。 该理论适用于重夸克的热力学，在零和虚化学势下的预测与完整的QCD模拟一致。 在它的收敛区域内，它还适用于小的有效耦合的微扰计算。 在这项工作中，我们研究了具有挑战性的低温和高密度区域。 一旦重子化学势接近重子质量，我们发现明确的核液气相变证据，并计算了核状态方程。 特别是，我们发现每个核子的负结合能导致凝聚现象，其绝对值随着介子变重而呈指数下降。 对于减小的介子质量，我们观察到一个一级液气相变，其端点位于某个有限温度，同时观察到同位旋冷凝和重子冷凝开始之间的间隙。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A three-dimensional effective lattice theory of Polyakov loops is derived from QCD by expansions in the fundamental character of the gauge action, u, and the hopping parameter, \kappa, whose action is correct to \kappa^n u^m with n+m=4. At finite baryon density, the effective theory has a sign problem which meets all criteria to be simulated by complex Langevin as well as by Monte Carlo on small volumes. The theory is valid for the thermodynamics of heavy quarks, where its predictions agree with simulations of full QCD at zero and imaginary chemical potential. In its region of convergence, it is moreover amenable to perturbative calculations in the small effective couplings. In this work we study the challenging cold and dense regime. We find unambiguous evidence for the nuclear liquid gas transition once the baryon chemical potential approaches the baryon mass, and calculate the nuclear equation of state. In particular, we find a negative binding energy per nucleon causing the condensation, whose absolute value decreases exponentially as mesons get heavier. For decreasing meson mass, we observe a first order liquid gas transition with an endpoint at some finite temperature, as well as gap between the onset of isospin and baryon condensation.