标题： 超级地球55 Cnc e的变化性 显示英文标题

标题： Variability in the super-Earth 55 Cnc e

摘要： 近年来，在观测巨型系外行星的大气特征方面取得了显著进展，但由于观测小行星的诸多挑战，岩石系外行星的过程仍然知之甚少。 迄今为止，为了观测超级地球（质量为1到10个地球质量的系外行星）的光谱，众多努力仅揭示了无特征的光谱。 本文报告了在过境超级地球55 Cancri e白昼热辐射中4-$\sigma$的变化检测。八次凌星期间专门的空间红外监测显示，其白昼大气的热辐射在2012年至2013年间变化了3.7倍。 这种变化的幅度和趋势无法用恒星黑子的影响或观测时间段内的局部大气热学或成分变化来解释。 由于强烈的潮汐相互作用可能类似于木卫一，或者存在环绕恒星/行星物质的可能性，表面大规模活动似乎是合理的，并促使未来对该行星进行长期监测。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Considerable progress has been made in recent years in observations of atmospheric signatures of giant exoplanets, but processes in rocky exoplanets remain largely unknown due to major challenges in observing small planets. Numerous efforts to observe spectra of super-Earths, exoplanets with masses of 1-10 Earth masses, have thus far revealed only featureless spectra. In this paper we report a 4-$\sigma$ detection of variability in the dayside thermal emission from the transiting super-Earth 55 Cancri e. Dedicated space-based monitoring of the planet in the mid-infrared over eight eclipses revealed the thermal emission from its dayside atmosphere varying by a factor 3.7 between 2012 and 2013. The amplitude and trend of the variability are not explained by potential influence of star spots or by local thermal or compositional changes in the atmosphere over the short span of the observations. The possibility of large scale surface activity due to strong tidal interactions possibly similar to Io, or the presence of circumstellar/circumplanetary material appear plausible and motivate future long-term monitoring of the planet.