标题： 量子螺旋 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum spirals

摘要： 量子系统通常表现出无法容纳涡旋的根本性无能。例如，迈斯纳效应，即磁场（电磁涡度）的完全排斥，被认为是超导态的定义属性。超流性是另一个密切平行的例子；流体涡度只能存在于具有有限（量化）量的拓扑缺陷上。由粒子陷阱产生的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的最新发展进一步强调了这一特性。我们表明，通过在对应于热修改的泡利-薛定谔自旋场的热流体中运行的非线性机制，可以解决向量子流体赋予涡度的挑战。在一个简单的无场模型中，我们展示了由非线性、非厄米哈密顿量表示的热效应与自旋涡度结合，会导致新的有趣量子态；明确地推导出一个螺旋解。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum systems often exhibit fundamental incapability to entertain vortex. The Meissner effect, a complete expulsion of the magnetic field (the electromagnetic vorticity), for instance, is taken to be the defining attribute of the superconducting state. Superfluidity is another, close-parallel example; fluid vorticity can reside only on topological defects with a limited (quantized) amount. Recent developments in the Bose-Einstein condensates produced by particle traps further emphasize this characteristic. We show that the challenge of imparting vorticity to a quantum fluid can be met through a nonlinear mechanism operating in a hot fluid corresponding to a thermally modified Pauli-Schroedinger spinor field. In a simple field-free model, we show that the thermal effect, represented by a nonlinear, non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, in conjunction with spin vorticity, leads to new interesting quantum states; a spiral solution is explicitly worked out.