标题： 马约拉纳隧穿熵 显示英文标题

标题： Majorana tunneling entropy

摘要： 在热力学中，系统的宏观状态是由其微观状态的数量决定的。 这个数量由系统熵的指数给出$\exp(S)$。 在具有离散能谱的非相互作用系统中，例如大尺度量子点，$S$作为温度的函数通常呈现出平台形状，在这些平台上$\exp(S)$的值为整数。 具有非整数值的$\exp(S)$的平台在本质上是被禁止的，并且在热力学上是不可能实现的。 在这里，我们研究了通过隧穿与正常金属（具有连续谱）以及拓扑超导体耦合的非相互作用量子点的熵。 我们表明，如果拓扑超导体支持两个弱重叠的马约拉纳束缚态，那么熵可能会出现非整数平台。 这将对量子点的热力学带来根本性的变化，其比热$c_V$在低温下会获得一个马约拉纳峰，根据传统热力学，这种峰应该是不存在的。 我们还提供了对输运特性（如线性电导）的根本热力学理解。 一般来说，我们的结果表明，与马约拉纳模耦合的系统的热力学具有根本的物理兴趣，其应用取决于可能耦合机制的多样性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In thermodynamics a macroscopic state of a system results from a number of its microscopic states. This number is given by the exponent of the system's entropy $\exp(S)$. In non-interacting systems with discrete energy spectra, such as large scale quantum dots, $S$ as a function of the temperature has usually a plateau shape with integer values of $\exp(S)$ on these plateaus. Plateaus with non-integer values of $\exp(S)$ are fundamentally forbidden and would be thermodynamically infeasible. Here we investigate the entropy of a non-interacting quantum dot coupled via tunneling to normal metals with continuum spectra as well as to a topological superconductor. We show that the entropy may have a non-integer plateau if the topological superconductor supports two weakly overlapping Majorana bound states. This brings a fundamental change in the thermodynamics of the quantum dot whose specific heat $c_V$ acquires a low temperature Majorana peak which should be absent according to the conventional thermodynamics. We also provide a fundamental thermodynamic understanding of the transport properties, such as the linear conductance. In general our results show that the thermodynamics of systems coupled to Majorana modes represents a fundamental physical interest with diverse applications depending on versatility of possible coupling mechanisms.