标题： 平方公里阵列对广延空气簇射的高精度测量 显示英文标题

标题： High-precision measurements of extensive air showers with the SKA

摘要： 截至2023年，平方公里阵列将构成世界上最大的射电望远镜，为射电天文学的多样化科学计划提供前所未有的能力。 同时，SKA将非常适合通过其无线电辐射检测由宇宙射线在地球大气中引发的广泛空气簇射。 凭借在1公里$^2$的基准区域内非常密集且均匀的天线间距以及50-350 MHz的宽频带，SKA的低频部分将能够对单个宇宙射线空气簇射进行非常精确的测量。 这些精确测量将允许对从银河系起源到河外起源过渡能量区域的宇宙射线的质量组成进行详细研究。 此外，SKA还将促进对空气簇射电磁级联的三维“断层扫描”，从而研究超出大型强子对撞机（LHC）能力范围的能量下的粒子相互作用。 最后，借助SKA，可以将空气簇射与闪电引发之间可能的联系研究提升到一个新的水平。 我们讨论利用SKA进行空气簇射探测的科学潜力，并报告技术要求和项目进展。 显示英文摘要

摘要： As of 2023, the Square Kilometre Array will constitute the world's largest radio telescope, offering unprecedented capabilities for a diverse science programme in radio astronomy. At the same time, the SKA will be ideally suited to detect extensive air showers initiated by cosmic rays in the Earth's atmosphere via their radio emission. With its very dense and uniform antenna spacing in a fiducial area of one km$^2$ and its large bandwidth of 50-350 MHz, the low-frequency part of the SKA will provide very precise measurements of individual cosmic ray air showers. These precision measurements will allow detailed studies of the mass composition of cosmic rays in the energy region of transition from a Galactic to an extragalactic origin. Also, the SKA will facilitate three-dimensional "tomography" of the electromagnetic cascades of air showers, allowing the study of particle interactions at energies beyond the reach of the LHC. Finally, studies of possible connections between air showers and lightning initiation can be taken to a new level with the SKA. We discuss the science potential of air shower detection with the SKA and report on the technical requirements and project status.