标题： 转让定价操纵、税务处罚成本以及外国利润税收的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Transfer pricing manipulation, tax penalty cost and the impact of foreign profit taxation

摘要： 本文分析了当预期税收惩罚是税收执法和市场价格参数的函数时，转移定价操纵的最佳水平。 独立交易原则意味着存在由市场决定的可接受价格范围，如果市场价格范围较宽，或者其界限难以确定，企业可以更自由地操纵转移价格。 对海外利润的国内征税可以减少收入转移的动机，这取决于用于税务目的的汇回比例。 我们发现，有限的税收抵免规则往往是一个效率较低的措施，尽管如此，它却是各国最广泛采用的规则，因此有必要激发对海外利润征税更有效的做法的观点。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This paper analizes the optimal level of transfer pricing manipulation when the expected tax penalty is a function of the tax enforcement and the market price parameter. The arm's length principle implies the existence of a range of acceptable prices shaped by market, and firms can manipulate transfer prices more freely if market price range is wide, or if its delimitations are difficult to determine. Home taxation of foreign profits can reduce income shifting incentive, depending on the portion of repatriation for tax purposes. We find that the limited tax credit rule tends to be a less efficient measure, nonetheless it is the most widely adopted rule by countries, so to spark the perspective of more powerful approaches for taxation of foreign profits.