标题： Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi 解和宇宙学中的压力 显示英文标题

标题： Pressure in Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi solutions and cosmologies

摘要： 勒梅特-托尔曼-邦迪（LTB）解传统上局限于没有压力的系统，其中引力来自于大质量尘埃，但如果在宇宙学中，压力在每个共动时间在空间中是均匀的，那么解的形式变化不大。 这使得宇宙学方程可以以更类似于经典力学的方式推导出来。 它还给出了一些具有增长凝聚和黑洞的非均匀解。 我们给出了比较不同封闭宇宙模型大小的标准，并讨论了具有$\Lambda$-项的非均匀宇宙学自闭合条件。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Lema\^{i}tre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) solutions have traditionally been confined to systems with no pressure in which the gravity is due to massive dust, but the solutions are little changed in form if, as in cosmology, the pressure is uniform in space at each comoving time. This allows the equations of cosmology to be deduced in a manner that more closely resembles classical mechanics. It also gives some inhomogeneous solutions with growing condensations and black holes. We give criteria by which the sizes of different closed models of the universe can be compared and discuss conditions for self-closure of inhomogeneous cosmologies with a $\Lambda$-term.