标题： 观测约束和宇宙演化模型的鉴别诊断 显示英文标题

标题： Observational constraints and differential diagnosis for cosmic evolutionary models

摘要： 在本文中，我们提出了一种基于“自然绘图规则”(NPR)的绘图方法，该方法可以更高效地区分不同的宇宙学情景并获得更有用的信息。 通过使用NPR，我们在发现某些情景很难相互区分时避免了盲目使用不同的诊断方法，并发展出一条逻辑线路来采用不同的诊断方法。 作为一个具体实例，我们采用基于NPR的方法来区分几种卡达斯ian情景与基础宇宙学情景，以及彼此之间。 我们利用Ia型超新星(SNe Ia)、重子声学振荡(BAO)、宇宙微波背景(CMB)辐射、观测哈勃参数(OHD)数据集以及最新事件GW150914的单个数据点对三种卡达斯ian宇宙学情景及其平坦版本进行约束，并发现我们的结果在限制卡达斯ian情景的宇宙学参数方面比之前的结果更为严格。 我们发现平坦原始卡达斯ian(FOC)和原始卡达斯ian(OC)情景只能在当前时代的$\{\Omega_m,S_3^{(1)}\}$平面中被区分，然而，如果在$\{S_3^{(1)},S_4^{(1)}\}$平面中应用NPR对这些卡达斯ian情景进行分层绘图，我们可以获得更详细的信息，并比以前更好地区分这两个情景。 更重要的是，从$\{S_4,S_4^{(2)}\}$、$\{S_5^{(1)},S_5^{(2)}\}$、$\{S_3^{(2)},S_4^{(2)}\}$、$\{\Omega_m,S_3^{(1)}\}$、$\{z,\omega\}$$\{\epsilon(z),S_3^{(1)}\}$和$\{z,Om\}$的平面来看，我们发现平坦修改的多态卡达斯ian（FMPC）情景可以被直接排除在暗能量现象的可能候选之外，因为其演化行为与基础宇宙学情景相差太大。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this paper, we have proposed a plotting method based on the " natural plotting rule " (NPR) which can be used to distinguish different cosmological scenarios more efficiently and obtain more useful information. By using the NPR, we have avoided the blindness to use different diagnostics when discovering that some scenarios can be hardly differentiated from each other, and develop a logical line to adopt different diagnostics. As a concrete instance, we take this method based on the NPR to distinguish several Cardassian scenarios from the base cosmology scenario, and one from the other. We place constraints on three Cardassian cosmological scenarios and their flat versions by utilizing the Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO), cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, observational Hubble parameter (OHD) data-sets as well as the single data point from the newest event GW150914, and discover that our results are more stringent than previous results for constraining the cosmological parameters of the Cardassian scenarios. We find that the flat original Cardassian (FOC) and original Cardassian (OC) scenarios can only be distinguished in the plane of $\{\Omega_m,S_3^{(1)}\}$ at the present epoch, however, if applying the NPR to plot hierarchically for these Cardassian scenarios in the plane of $\{S_3^{(1)},S_4^{(1)}\}$, we can obtain more detailed information and distinguish the two scenarios better than before. More importantly, from the planes of $\{S_4,S_4^{(2)}\}$, $\{S_5^{(1)},S_5^{(2)}\}$, $\{S_3^{(2)},S_4^{(2)}\}$, $\{\Omega_m,S_3^{(1)}\}$,$\{z,\omega\}$ $\{\epsilon(z),S_3^{(1)}\}$ and $\{z,Om\}$, we dsicover that the flat modified polytropic Cardassian (FMPC) scenario can be directly removed from the possible candidates of dark energy phenomenon, since its evolutional behavior deviates from the base cosmology scenario too much.