标题： 一种用于林德布洛德方程的熵梯度结构以及量子系统与宏观模型的耦合 显示英文标题

标题： An entropic gradient structure for Lindblad equations and couplings of quantum systems to macroscopic models

摘要： 我们证明，所有满足与热平衡态相关的详细平衡条件的有限维希尔伯特空间上的Lindblad算子（即量子半群的生成元）都可以表示为相对熵意义上的梯度系统。 我们还讨论了与宏观系统的热力学一致耦合，要么作为具有恒定温度的阻尼哈密顿系统，要么作为GENERIC系统。 特别是我们讨论了量子点与宏观载流子的耦合。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We show that all Lindblad operators (i.e. generators of quantum semigroups) on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space satisfying the detailed balance condition with respect to the thermal equilibrium state can be written as a gradient system with respect to the relative entropy. We discuss also thermodynamically consistent couplings to macroscopic systems, either as damped Hamiltonian systems with constant temperature or as GENERIC systems. In particular we discuss the coupling of a quantum dot coupled to macroscopic charge carriers.