标题： 量子不确定性如何从决定论的玻姆力学中产生？ 显示英文标题

标题： How does Quantum Uncertainty Emerge from Deterministic Bohmian Mechanics?

摘要： 玻姆力学是一种理论，它以受波函数引导的点粒子运动为基础，提供了一种对量子现象的一致性解释。在这个理论中，一个粒子系统的状态由粒子的实际位置和系统的波函数定义；并且系统状态的演化是确定性的。因此，玻姆态可以与经典力学中的状态相比拟，后者由所有粒子的位置和动量给出，并且同样以确定性的方式演化。然而，尽管在经典力学中通常认为状态至少原则上是可以测量的，并且没有问题，但在玻姆力学中情况并非如此。由于量子动力学定律的线性特性，玻姆态的一个基本组成部分——波函数——不能直接被测量。此外，事实证明，测量状态的另一个组成部分——粒子的位置——必须通过波函数来实现；这一事实反过来意味着粒子的位置虽然可以被测量，但受到绝对不确定性的限制。这就是理解玻姆力学如何能够在确定性的同时解释所有量子预测（包括量子随机性和不确定性）的关键。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Bohmian mechanics is a theory that provides a consistent explanation of quantum phenomena in terms of point particles whose motion is guided by the wave function. In this theory, the state of a system of particles is defined by the actual positions of the particles and the wave function of the system; and the state of the system evolves deterministically. Thus, the Bohmian state can be compared with the state in classical mechanics, which is given by the positions and momenta of all the particles, and which also evolves deterministically. However, while in classical mechanics it is usually taken for granted and considered unproblematic that the state is, at least in principle, measurable, this is not the case in Bohmian mechanics. Due to the linearity of the quantum dynamical laws, one essential component of the Bohmian state, the wave function, is not directly measurable. Moreover, it turns out that the measurement of the other component of the state -the positions of the particles- must be mediated by the wave function; a fact that in turn implies that the positions of the particles, though measurable, are constrained by absolute uncertainty. This is the key to understanding how Bohmian mechanics, despite being deterministic, can account for all quantum predictions, including quantum randomness and uncertainty.