标题： NASA/IPAC星系数据库中的红移无关距离：NED-D的方法、内容和应用 显示英文标题

标题： Redshift-Independent Distances in the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database: Methodology, Content and Use of NED-D

摘要： 基于独立于宇宙红移的指示器估算星系距离是天体物理学的基础。研究人员利用它们来建立河外距离尺度，为哈勃常数的估计提供支持，并研究由引力吸引引起的异常速度，这些引力扰动了星系相对于哈勃流的运动。2006年，NASA/IPAC星系外数据库（NED）开始提供一个全面的非红移依赖性河外距离估算汇编。十年后，这个距离汇编（NED-D）现在包含了超过100,000个基于主要和次要指示器的个体估算，涉及超过28,000个星系，并从引用文献中的超过2,000篇经过同行评审的天文文献中收集而来。 本文描述了NED-D的方法论、内容及其使用方式，并讨论了在编纂此类距离时需要克服的挑战。目前有75种不同的距离指示器在使用中。我们提供了一张图表，便于根据最小值、第25百分位、中位数、第75百分位和最大值的距离范围来比较具有显著数量估算的指示器。附录中提供了这些指示器的简要描述，包括它们在数据库中的使用示例。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Estimates of galaxy distances based on indicators that are independent of cosmological redshift are fundamental to astrophysics. Researchers use them to establish the extragalactic distance scale, to underpin estimates of the Hubble constant, and to study peculiar velocities induced by gravitational attractions that perturb the motions of galaxies with respect to the Hubble flow of universal expansion. In 2006 the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) began making available a comprehensive compilation of redshift-independent extragalactic distance estimates. A decade later, this compendium of distances (NED-D) now contains more than 100,000 individual estimates based on primary and secondary indicators, available for more than 28,000 galaxies, and compiled from over 2,000 references in the refereed astronomical literature. This article describes the methodology, content, and use of NED-D, and addresses challenges to be overcome in compiling such distances. Currently, 75 different distance indicators are in use. We include a figure that facilitates comparison of the indicators with significant numbers of estimates in terms of the minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, and maximum distances spanned. Brief descriptions of the indicators, including examples of their use in the database, are given in an Appendix.