标题： 孤立分子超冷等离子体中的冻结弛豫 显示英文标题

标题： Arrested relaxation in an isolated molecular ultracold plasma

摘要： 自发的雪崩到等离子体过程将一氧化氮椭球状里德伯气体的核心分裂。 双极膨胀首先抑制了该核心等离子体的电子温度。 随后，长程共振电荷转移从弹道离子转移到椭球翼部的冻结里德伯分子，抑制了中心质量离子/里德伯分子的速度分布。 这一系列步骤产生了一种显著的自组装机制，其中最初形成的热电子和离子的动能驱动了观察到的等离子体体积分离。 这些动力学绝热地将能量储存在质量传输的储备中，启动了一个退火过程，使分离的体积形成一种明显的强耦合离子和电子玻璃态。 短时间电子光谱提供了完全电离的实验证据。 该系统的长寿命，特别是其对复合和中性解离的稳定性，表明这种转变提供了一种稳定的非平衡弛豫状态。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Spontaneous avalanche to plasma splits the core of an ellipsoidal Rydberg gas of nitric oxide. Ambipolar expansion first quenches the electron temperature of this core plasma. Then, long-range, resonant charge transfer from ballistic ions to frozen Rydberg molecules in the wings of the ellipsoid quenches the centre-of-mass ion/Rydberg molecule velocity distribution. This sequence of steps gives rise to a remarkable mechanics of self-assembly, in which the kinetic energy of initially formed hot electrons and ions drives an observed separation of plasma volumes. These dynamics adiabatically sequester energy in a reservoir of mass transport, starting a process that anneals separating volumes to form an apparent glass of strongly coupled ions and electrons. Short-time electron spectroscopy provides experimental evidence for complete ionization. The long lifetime of this system, particularly its stability with respect to recombination and neutral dissociation, suggests that this transformation affords a robust state of arrested relaxation, far from thermal equilibrium.