标题： 通过引力波回声测试视界的存在 显示英文标题

标题： Tests for the existence of horizons through gravitational wave echoes

摘要： 黑洞和时空奇点的存在是科学中的一个基本问题。 尽管如此，支持它们存在的观测证据很少，且其解释尚不明确。 我们综述了过去几十年中为黑洞所提出的论据有多强，并且观测结果如何与这一范式相适应。 不出所料，我们得出结论，无法获得黑洞的观测证据。 然而，就像波普尔的黑天鹅一样，仅通过一次观测就可以排除或确认替代方案的存在。 这些观测是可行的。 在接下来的几年和几十年里，我们将进入精确引力波物理的时代，探测器将更加灵敏。 正如加速器需要更高的能量来探测更小的尺度一样，更灵敏的引力波探测器将探测越来越接近视界的区域，可能会达到普朗克尺度甚至更远。 那里可能隐藏着什么？ 显示英文摘要

摘要： The existence of black holes and of spacetime singularities is a fundamental issue in science. Despite this, observations supporting their existence are scarce, and their interpretation unclear. We overview how strong a case for black holes has been made in the last few decades, and how well observations adjust to this paradigm. Unsurprisingly, we conclude that observational proof for black holes is impossible to come by. However, just like Popper's black swan, alternatives can be ruled out or confirmed to exist with a single observation. These observations are within reach. In the next few years and decades, we will enter the era of precision gravitational-wave physics with more sensitive detectors. Just as accelerators require larger and larger energies to probe smaller and smaller scales, more sensitive gravitational-wave detectors will be probing regions closer and closer to the horizon, potentially reaching Planck scales and beyond. What may be there, lurking?