标题： 直接使用轨迹球运动任务测试选择性影响 显示英文标题

标题： Testing Selective Influence Directly Using Trackball Movement Tasks

摘要： 系统因子技术（SFT；Townsend & Nozawa, 1995）被视为一种有用的工具，用于诊断被研究刺激的特征（或维度）是否以并行或串行方式处理。 为了使用SFT，必须假设处理每个特征的速度仅受该特征影响，称为选择性影响（Sternberg, 1969）。 由于刺激特征的处理时间无法观察到，这一假设通常是无法验证的。 随机占优传统上被用作选择性影响的间接证据（例如，Townsend & Fifić, 2004）。 然而，需要注意的是，即使随机占优成立，也可能违反选择性影响。 本研究提出了一种轨迹球移动范式，用于直接测试选择性影响。 参与者在计算机屏幕上同时看到参考刺激和测试刺激。 他们被要求使用轨迹球调整测试刺激，直到它看起来与参考刺激的位置或形状匹配。 我们记录了反应时间、定义参考刺激的参数（记为\alpha 和\beta ）、以及定义测试刺激的参数（记为A和B）。 我们通过线性可行性检验（Dzhafarov & Kujala, 2010）测试了\alpha 和\beta 对调整A和B所需时间的选择性影响，即测试了\alpha 和\beta 对A和B值的选择性影响。 我们发现，当测试通过且随机占优成立时，推断出的架构符合预期，并且在每次试验中观察到的A和B轨迹进一步证实了这一点。 然而，只有随机占优时，SFT才能暗示禁止的架构。 我们的结果表明，所提出的方法比仅检查随机占优更可靠地测试选择性影响对处理速度的作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Systems factorial technology (SFT; Townsend & Nozawa, 1995) is regarded as a useful tool to diagnose if features (or dimensions) of the investigated stimulus are processed in a parallel or serial fashion. In order to use SFT, one has to assume the speed to process each feature is influenced by that feature only, termed as selective influence (Sternberg, 1969). This assumption is usually untestable as the processing time for a stimulus feature is not observable. Stochastic dominance is traditionally used as an indirect evidence for selective influence (e.g., Townsend & Fifi\'c, 2004). However, one should keep in mind that selective influence may be violated even when stochastic dominance holds. The current study proposes a trackball movement paradigm for a direct test of selective influence. The participants were shown a reference stimulus and a test stimulus simultaneously on a computer screen. They were asked to use the trackball to adjust the test stimulus until it appeared to match the position or shape of the reference stimulus. We recorded the reaction time, the parameters defined the reference stimulus (denoted as \alpha and \beta ), and the parameters defined the test stimulus (denoted as A and B). We tested selective influence of \alpha and \beta on the amount of time to adjust A and B through testing selective influence of \alpha and \beta on the values of A and B using the linear feasibility test (Dzhafarov & Kujala, 2010). We found that when the test was passed and stochastic dominance held, the inferred architecture was as expected, which was further confirmed by the trajectory of A and B observed in each trial. However, with stochastic dominance only SFT can suggest a prohibited architecture. Our results indicate the proposed method is more reliable for testing selective influence on the processing speed than examining stochastic dominance only.