标题： 评估网络产业的监管改革：基于分类代理变量的实证模型综述 显示英文标题

标题： Evaluating regulatory reform of network industries: a survey of empirical models based on categorical proxies

摘要： 基于分类变量的监管改革代理变量在实证评估模型中越来越被使用。 我们调查了63项依赖此类指标来分析电力、天然气和电信部门准入自由化、私有化、拆分和独立监管影响的研究。 我们强调了这些代理变量使用相关的方法论问题。 接下来，综述了文献，我们提供了实证策略设计的实用建议，并讨论了控制变量和工具变量的选择，以缓解削弱监管改革影响识别的内生性问题。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Proxies for regulatory reforms based on categorical variables are increasingly used in empirical evaluation models. We surveyed 63 studies that rely on such indices to analyze the effects of entry liberalization, privatization, unbundling, and independent regulation of the electricity, natural gas, and telecommunications sectors. We highlight methodological issues related to the use of these proxies. Next, taking stock of the literature, we provide practical advice for the design of the empirical strategy and discuss the selection of control and instrumental variables to attenuate endogeneity problems undermining identification of the effects of regulatory reforms.