标题： 带有测量误差的随机显示偏好 显示英文标题

标题： Stochastic Revealed Preferences with Measurement Error

摘要： 关于消费者行为的一个长期问题是，个体的观察到的购买决策是否满足效用最大化理论（UMT）的显示偏好（RP）公理。 使用价格和消费的调查或实验面板数据集来回答这个问题的研究人员面临着众所周知的测量误差问题。 我们表明，在RP方法中忽略测量误差可能导致对UMT的过度拒绝。 为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种新的统计RP框架，用于消费面板数据集，该框架允许在存在测量误差的情况下测试UMT。 我们的检验适用于所有可以通过其一阶条件表征的消费者模型。 我们的方法是非参数的，允许偏好中不受限制的异质性，并且仅需要对测量误差有中心化条件。 我们开发了两个应用，为UMT提供了新的证据。 首先，我们在一个调查数据集中发现支持单人家庭中的动态和时间一致的UMT的证据，在消费存在\emph{非经典}测量误差的情况下。 在第二个应用中，我们无法拒绝一个广泛使用的实验数据集中的静态UMT，在该数据集中假设价格的测量误差是由于实验设计导致的价格误解的结果。 第一个发现与Browning（1989）的确定性RP检验得出的结论相矛盾。 第二个发现推翻了Afriat（1967）和Varian（1982）的确定性RP检验得出的结论。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A long-standing question about consumer behavior is whether individuals' observed purchase decisions satisfy the revealed preference (RP) axioms of the utility maximization theory (UMT). Researchers using survey or experimental panel data sets on prices and consumption to answer this question face the well-known problem of measurement error. We show that ignoring measurement error in the RP approach may lead to overrejection of the UMT. To solve this problem, we propose a new statistical RP framework for consumption panel data sets that allows for testing the UMT in the presence of measurement error. Our test is applicable to all consumer models that can be characterized by their first-order conditions. Our approach is nonparametric, allows for unrestricted heterogeneity in preferences, and requires only a centering condition on measurement error. We develop two applications that provide new evidence about the UMT. First, we find support in a survey data set for the dynamic and time-consistent UMT in single-individual households, in the presence of \emph{nonclassical} measurement error in consumption. In the second application, we cannot reject the static UMT in a widely used experimental data set in which measurement error in prices is assumed to be the result of price misperception due to the experimental design. The first finding stands in contrast to the conclusions drawn from the deterministic RP test of Browning (1989). The second finding reverses the conclusions drawn from the deterministic RP test of Afriat (1967) and Varian (1982).