标题： 超亮超新星的能量来源 显示英文标题

标题： The Energy Sources of Superluminous Supernovae

摘要： 超新星（SNe）是最亮的光学恒星等级爆炸。在过去二十年里，几个光学暂现巡天项目发现了超过$\sim 100$个所谓的超级亮超新星（SLSNe），其峰值亮度和辐射能量分别是$\gtrsim 7\times 10^{43}$erg/s$^{-1}$和$\gtrsim 10^{51}$erg，至少比普通超新星大一个数量级。根据它们的光学光谱特征，SLSNe 被分为两大类：一类是氢缺乏的 I 型，另一类是氢丰富的 II 型。研究并确定 SLSNe 的能源来源对于理解恒星演化和爆炸机制具有重要意义。SLSNe 的能源来源可以通过分析它们的光变曲线（LCs）和光谱来确定。解释 SLSN 光变曲线的最主流模型包括 $^{56}$Ni 级联衰变模型、磁陀星减速模型、喷出物-星周物质相互作用模型和喷流-喷出物相互作用模型。在这篇\textit{综述}中，我们介绍了几种能源源模型及其不同的组合。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Supernovae (SNe) are the most brilliant optical stellar-class explosions. Over the past two decades, several optical transient survey projects discovered more than $\sim 100$ so-called superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) whose peak luminosities and radiated energy are $\gtrsim 7\times 10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and $\gtrsim 10^{51}$ erg, at least an order of magnitude larger than that of normal SNe. According to their optical spectra features, SLSNe have been split into two broad categories of type I that are hydrogen-deficient and type II that are hydrogen-rich. Investigating and determining the energy sources of SLSNe would be of outstanding importance for understanding the stellar evolution and explosion mechanisms. The energy sources of SLSNe can be determined by analyzing their light curves (LCs) and spectra. The most prevailing models accounting for the SLSN LCs are the $^{56}$Ni cascade decay model, the magnetar spin-down model, the ejecta-CSM interaction model, and the jet-ejecta interaction model. In this \textit{review}, we present several energy-source models and their different combinations.