标题： 从平流层气球平台实现稳健的衍射受限近红外到近紫外宽视场成像——SuperBIT科学望远镜试运行飞行及性能 显示英文标题

标题： Robust diffraction-limited NIR-to-NUV wide-field imaging from stratospheric balloon-borne platforms -- SuperBIT science telescope commissioning flight & performance

摘要： 相比于同等的轨道任务，科学气球平台的总成本仅为一小部分，其运行高度超过地球大气层的 99.7%，提供了极具吸引力、竞争力和高效的观测能力——即类似太空的分辨率、传输和背景条件——这些特性非常适合现代天文学和宇宙学。 SuperBIT 是一台衍射极限、宽视场、0.5 米口径的望远镜，能够利用这些观测条件，提供从近红外到近紫外波段的卓越成像。 它采用了一套稳健的主动稳定系统，在多次浮空状态下持续展示了 1 秒标准差的天空固定指向稳定性，精度达到 48 毫角秒，每次观测持续时间长达 1 小时。这种性能通过三轴万向平台主动跟踪复合摆动来实现，该平台提供了小于 500 毫角秒的天空固定望远镜稳定性，并修正了视场旋转，同时使用高带宽俯仰/倾斜光学元件消除科学成像焦平面的残余扰动。 SuperBIT 在 2019 年试飞中的表现受益于一款定制的高性能科学级望远镜，该望远镜具备出色的热稳定性和光学机械稳定性，以及高采样率传感器与望远镜光学元件之间严格的静态和动态耦合约束。 在目前所展示的飞行性能水平下，SuperBIT 的能力已经超过了宇宙学、天体物理学和恒星动力学广泛实验的科学需求。 显示英文摘要

摘要： At a fraction the total cost of an equivalent orbital mission, scientific balloon-borne platforms, operating above 99.7% of the Earth's atmosphere, offer attractive, competitive, and effective observational capabilities -- namely space-like resolution, transmission, and backgrounds -- that are well suited for modern astronomy and cosmology. SuperBIT is a diffraction-limited, wide-field, 0.5 m telescope capable of exploiting these observing conditions in order to provide exquisite imaging throughout the near-IR to near-UV. It utilizes a robust active stabilization system that has consistently demonstrated a 1 sigma sky-fixed pointing stability at 48 milliarcseconds over multiple 1 hour observations at float. This is achieved by actively tracking compound pendulations via a three-axis gimballed platform, which provides sky-fixed telescope stability at < 500 milliarcseconds and corrects for field rotation, while employing high-bandwidth tip/tilt optics to remove residual disturbances across the science imaging focal plane. SuperBIT's performance during the 2019 commissioning flight benefited from a customized high-fidelity science-capable telescope designed with exceptional thermo- and opto-mechanical stability as well as tightly constrained static and dynamic coupling between high-rate sensors and telescope optics. At the currently demonstrated level of flight performance, SuperBIT capabilities now surpass the science requirements for a wide variety of experiments in cosmology, astrophysics and stellar dynamics.