标题： 环境对钟的干涉仪的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Effect of environment on the interferometry of clocks

摘要： "钟"的量子干涉，即具有随时间演化的内部自由度（DOF）的粒子，是测试量子系统中真正的广义相对论效应的一种有前景的途径。 钟在通过干涉仪的臂时经历不同的固有时，从而获得路径信息，导致其路径可见度下降。 我们考虑钟在通过干涉仪时受到环境噪声的情况。 特别是，我们开发了一种受钟上噪声影响的干涉可见度的广义公式。 我们发现，在小噪声和臂间固有时差较小的情况下，噪声进一步降低了可见度，而在更一般的情况下，它可能增加或减少可见度。 作为例子，我们研究了由单个场模组成的热环境的影响，并表明随着温度的升高，可见度进一步降低。 此外，通过考虑基于标准量子信道的噪声模型，我们表明干涉可见度可能因噪声类型以及时间尺度和跃迁概率的不同而增加或减少。 对噪声对可见度的影响进行量化——特别是在热环境的情况下——为在实际实验中更好地估计预期结果铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum interference of "clocks", namely of particles with time-evolving internal degrees of freedom (DOFs), is a promising avenue to test genuine general relativistic effects in quantum systems. The clock acquires which path information while experiencing different proper times on traversing the arms of the interferometer, leading to a drop in its path visibility. We consider scenarios where the clock is subject to environmental noise as it transits through the interferometer. In particular, we develop a generalized formulation of interferometric visibility affected by noise on the clock. We find that, for small noise and small proper time difference between the arms, the noise further reduces the visibility, while in more general situations it can either increase or reduce the visibility. As an example, we investigate the effect of a thermal environment constituted by a single field mode and show that the visibility drops further as the temperature is increased. Additionally, by considering noise models based on standard quantum channels, we show that interferometric visibility can increase or decrease depending on the type of noise and also the time scale and transition probabilities. The quantification of the effect of noise on the visibility -- particularly in the case of a thermal environment paves the way for a better estimate on the expected outcome in an actual experiment.