标题： 我观察凌日和脉动：利用盖亚和齐威克瞬变设施的白矮星经验性变异性 显示英文标题

标题： I Spy Transits and Pulsations: Empirical Variability in White Dwarfs Using Gaia and the Zwicky Transient Facility

摘要： 我们提出了一种新方法，利用Gaia DR2和Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) DR3光度学公共目录中的重复测量中的异常过量散射来检测可变天体和瞬变现象。 我们首先仅使用Gaia DR2光度学提供了一个广义的全天空可变性代理，并校准为白矮星。 为了确保更稳健的候选者检测，我们进一步采用了一种结合Gaia和ZTF光度学及警报的方法。 为了证明其有效性，我们将这种方法应用于大约$12,100$个位于ZZ Ceti不稳定性带中心、距离200秒差距以内的白矮星样本，氢大气白矮星在此区域已知会脉动。 通过检查按这些方法排序的前$1\%$个样本，我们证明了仅使用Gaia的方法和结合ZTF的方法在识别已知和新的可变白矮星方面都非常有效，我们通过后续的高速光度学进行了验证。 我们确认了在我们排名最高的$1\%$个候选者中观测到的全部33个（$100\%$）白矮星的可变性，无论是在ZZ Ceti不稳定性带内还是外。 除了数十个新的脉动白矮星外，我们还识别出五个很可能显示经过行星碎片的白矮星；如果得到证实，这些系统将使已知拥有经过碎片的白矮星数量增加三倍以上。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present a novel method to detect variable astrophysical objects and transient phenomena using anomalous excess scatter in repeated measurements from public catalogs of Gaia DR2 and Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) DR3 photometry. We first provide a generalized, all-sky proxy for variability using only Gaia DR2 photometry, calibrated to white dwarf stars. To ensure more robust candidate detection, we further employ a method combining Gaia with ZTF photometry and alerts. To demonstrate the efficacy, we apply this latter technique to a sample of roughly $12,100$ white dwarfs within 200 pc centered on the ZZ Ceti instability strip, where hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarfs are known to pulsate. Through inspecting the top $1\%$ samples ranked by these methods, we demonstrate that both the Gaia-only and ZTF-informed techniques are highly effective at identifying known and new variable white dwarfs, which we verify using follow-up, high-speed photometry. We confirm variability in all 33 out of 33 ($100\%$) observed white dwarfs within our top $1\%$ highest-ranked candidates, both inside and outside the ZZ Ceti instability strip. In addition to dozens of new pulsating white dwarfs, we also identify five white dwarfs highly likely to show transiting planetesimal debris; if confirmed, these systems would more than triple the number of white dwarfs known to host transiting debris.