标题： 动态虚拟电厂：可再生能源并网的新概念 显示英文标题

标题： Dynamic Virtual Power Plant: A New Concept for Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources

摘要： 近年来，虚拟电厂（VPP）的概念在电力系统中被多次使用，并出于多种原因。 总体趋势是，为了模拟传统电网组件（例如可再生能源发电机和/或功率电子单元）的行为，需要采用经典同步发电机的运行方式。 这些单元的发电情况通常很受关注，例如西班牙的新AGC方案就属于这种情况，从这个角度来看，它类似于一个VPP。 然而，动态方面尤为重要，特别是对于提高可再生能源（RES）实际渗透率来说。 确实，为了突破当前RES渗透率的限制，必须让RES全面参与电网服务。 为此，我们提出了一种新的概念——动态虚拟电厂（DVPP），该概念在所有层面（本地层面，即每个RES发电机；全局层面，即电网辅助服务和与其他邻近元件的交互；经济层面，即内部最优调度和参与电力市场）完全整合了动态特性。 DVPP是一组可再生能源（RES），以及一组控制和操作程序。 这意味着选择参与的RES、整体最优且持续的运行方法（特别是在DVPP的一部分因自然资源（例如风能、太阳能）丧失而导致部分损失时）、调节（动态意义上）以确保每个发电机的局部目标、作为整体参与DVPP的辅助服务以及减少与电力系统的邻近动态元件相互作用所产生的负面影响、融入现有的电力系统场景（具有混合的经典和基于功率电子的发电）以及未来高比例RES渗透率的场景中。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The notion of Virtual Power Plant (VPP) has been used many times in last years in power systems and for several reasons. As a general trend, the behavior of a classic synchronous generator is to be emulated for a class of conventional grid components like, e.g., renewable generators or/and power electronic units. Most of the times production of these units is of interest, as it is the case for the new AGC scheme of Spain which, from this point of view, looks like a VPP. However, dynamic aspects are of high importance, especially for increasing the actual rate of penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Indeed, to go above the actual rate of RES penetration, one should deal with full participation of RES to grid services. For that, we propose here a new concept called Dynamic VPP (DVPP) which fully integrates the dynamic aspects at all levels: locally (for each RES generator), globally (for grid ancillary services and interaction with other neighbor elements of the grid) and economically (for internal optimal dispatch and participation to electricity markets). A DVPP is a set of RES along with a set of control and operation procedures. This means methodologies for: choosing the participating RES, optimal and continuous operation as a whole (especially in case of loss of natural resources - e.g., wind, sun - on a part of the DVPP), regulation (in the dynamic sense) to ensure local objectives for each generator, participation to ancillary services of the DVPP as a unit and to diminish negative effects of interaction with neighbor dynamics elements of the power system, integration in both actual power systems scenarios (with mixed classic and power electronics based generation) and future ones with high degree of RES penetration.