标题： 揭示 Hercules 超星系团的内部结构 显示英文标题

标题： Unveiling the internal structure of Hercules supercluster

摘要： 我们基于最初从斯隆数字巡天SDSS-DR7中提取的数据，研究了 Hercules 超星系团（SCL160）的结构。 我们通过数值密度加权银河系的$r^\prime$-光度来追踪该区域的质量分布，并根据其空间位置和红移对其进行分类。 这不仅使我们能够研究超星系团的整体运动学，还能研究每个星系团的内部运动学，这是以前未进一步探索的。 我们确认 Hercules 超星系团由星系团 A2147、A2151 和 A2152 组成。 A2151 包含五个次簇，A2147 包含两个，A2152 至少包含两个。 它们构成了 Hercules 超星系团的核心。 我们还发现了另外两个引力结合的星系团，因此增加了已知的超星系团成员数量。 我们估计了 Hercules 超星系团的总质量为$2.1\pm0.2 \times 10^{15}$ M$_\odot$。 为了确定本研究中的动力学质量，我们采用了$M_{200}-\sigma$标度关系和临界技术。 将这两种方法与双峰合并星系团的模拟数据进行比较，我们发现临界以及基于$\sigma$的质量会受到合并年龄的影响，在近日点通过后出现一个提升。 这与临界方法的原则不一致，该原则表明临界方法并不依赖于星系团的动力学状态。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We have investigated the structure of the Hercules supercluster (SCL160) based on data originally extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SDSS-DR7. We have traced the mass distribution in the field through the numerical density-weighted by the $r^\prime$-luminosity of the galaxies and classified them based on their spatial position and redshift. This has allowed us not only to address the kinematics of the supercluster as a whole, but also the internal kinematic of each cluster, which was no further explored before. We have confirmed that the Hercules supercluster is composed of the galaxy clusters A2147, A2151, and A2152. A2151 consists of five subclusters, A2147 on two and A2152 on at least two. They form the heart of the Hercules supercluster. We also have found two other gravitationally bond clusters, increasing, therefore, the known members of the supercluster. We have estimated a total mass of $2.1\pm0.2 \times 10^{15}$ M$_\odot$ for the Hercules supercluster. To determine the dynamical masses in this work, we have resorted to the $M_{200}-\sigma$ scaling relation and the caustic technique. Comparing both methods with simulated data of bimodal merging clusters, we found the caustic, as well as the $\sigma$-based masses, are biased through the merger age, showing a boost just after the pericentric passage. This is not in line with the principle of the caustic method that affirms it is not depending on the cluster dynamical state.