标题： 不均匀宇宙中平滑距离和表观亮度的出现 显示英文标题

标题： Emergence of smooth distance and apparent magnitude in a lumpy Universe

摘要： 观测结果的标准解释，例如从不均匀宇宙中一个位置测得的I型超新星峰值视亮度，是基于理想化的弗里德曼-勒梅特-罗伯逊-沃尔克时空。 由于不均匀性带来的所有可能修正通常被忽略。 在这里，我们利用最近对不均匀宇宙中面积距离的简洁推导结果，来研究I型超新星视亮度的单极项和哈勃残差。 我们发现，在低红移处，视亮度的背景FLRW时空模型会由于观测红移中的相对速度扰动而得到修正。 我们展示了这种速度扰动如何导致哈勃残差的方差，并如何影响I型超新星在哈勃流中的绝对亮度校准。 我们还表明，它可能解决通过重子声学振荡和本地测量确定哈勃率时的矛盾。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The standard interpretation of observations such as the peak apparent magnitude of Type Ia supernova made from one location in a lumpy Universe is based on the idealised Friedmann-Lema\^itre Robertson-Walker spacetime. All possible corrections to this model due to inhomogeneities are usually neglected. Here, we use the result from the recent concise derivation of the area distance in an inhomogeneous universe to study the monopole and Hubble residual of the apparent magnitude of Type Ia supernovae. We find that at low redshifts, the background FLRW spacetime model of the apparent magnitude receives corrections due to relative velocity perturbation in the observed redshift. We show how this velocity perturbation could contribute to a variance in the Hubble residual and how it could impact the calibration of the absolute magnitude of the Type Ia supernova in the Hubble flow. We also show that it could resolve the tension in the determination of the Hubble rate from the baryon acoustic oscillation and local measurements.