标题： 银行荒漠、城市规模以及中型和大型美国城市的社会经济特征 显示英文标题

标题： Banking Deserts," City Size, and Socioeconomic Characteristics in Medium and Large U.S. Cities

摘要： 缺乏金融准入，这在许多美国市中心社区中是一个常见问题，可能与更高的利率以及负面的健康和心理结果有关。对“银行荒漠”的多项分析也发现，这些地区比城市的其他部分更贫穷且白人比例更低。尽管之前的研究已经考察了特定城市，或者根据人口密度对区域进行了分类，但到目前为止，还没有研究考察过大量个体城市。本研究考察了319个人口超过10万的美国城市，并根据街区组中心的距离，隔离出每平方英里银行数量少于0.318个的区域。这些“荒漠”在样本中的相对份额似乎与城市人口无关，并且这些份额与社会经济变量如贫困率或黑人居民百分比之间的关系很小。一个可能的解释是，只有许多城市中最贫困、白人最少的街区组可以被归类为银行荒漠；因此，附近具有相似社会经济特征的街区组就不是荒漠。除了东北部以外，非荒漠地区往往比荒漠地区更贫穷，这表明收入和银行匮乏的社区可能不像人们普遍认为的那样普遍。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A lack of financial access, which is often an issue in many central-city U.S. neighborhoods, can be linked to higher interest rates as well as negative health and psychological outcomes. A number of analyses of "banking deserts" have also found these areas to be poorer and less White than other parts of the city. While previous research has examined specific cities, or has classified areas by population densities, no study to date has examined a large set of individual cities. This study looks at 319 U.S. cities with populations greater than 100,000 and isolates areas with fewer than 0.318 banks per square mile based on distances from block-group centroids. The relative shares of these "deserts" appears to be independent of city population across the sample, and there is little relationship between these shares and socioeconomic variables such as the poverty rate or the percentage of Black residents. One plausible explanation is that only a subset of many cities' poorest, least White block groups can be classified as banking deserts; nearby block groups with similar socioeconomic characteristics are therefore non-deserts. Outside of the Northeast, non-desert areas tend to be poorer than deserts, suggesting that income- and bank-poor neighborhoods might not be as prevalent as is commonly assumed.