标题： 合成控制法的应用 显示英文标题

标题： Synthetic Controls in Action

摘要： 本文提出了一组简单的准则，以指导合成控制研究中的经验实践。所提出的准则基于合成控制估计量的形式属性，并涉及在合成控制框架内过拟合偏差的性质、含义和预防，以及结果的可解释性和验证练习的可用性。我们讨论并直观地展示了在各种数据配置下这些准则的相关性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this article we propose a set of simple principles to guide empirical practice in synthetic control studies. The proposed principles follow from formal properties of synthetic control estimators, and pertain to the nature, implications, and prevention of over-fitting biases within a synthetic control framework, to the interpretability of the results, and to the availability of validation exercises. We discuss and visually demonstrate the relevance of the proposed principles under a variety of data configurations.