标题： 具有 realistic 相变的夸克物质的引力波信号 显示英文标题

标题： Gravitational Wave Signal for Quark Matter with Realistic Phase Transition

摘要： 中子星（NS）接近最大质量时的核心实现了宇宙中最高度压缩的物质，在这种物质中夸克自由度可能会被释放。 这种高密度物质的状态被假设为夸克物质（QM），其存在在核物理中已经等待了几十年来确认。 双中子星合并产生的引力波有望传递有用的信息，称为状态方程（EOS）。 然而，具有现实状态方程的夸克物质的特征尚未确立。 在这里，我们展示了后合并阶段的引力波可以区分具有和没有向夸克物质转变的理论场景。 我们没有采用之前研究过的特定状态方程，而是从第一性原理方法中整理出可靠的状态方程约束。 我们证明了中子星合并后早期坍缩成黑洞标志着与夸克物质开始相关的状态方程软化，这与第一性原理约束一致。 通过电磁对应体需要由残余黑洞外部遗留的物质提供能量这一条件，还可以进一步限制强子-夸克相变的性质。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The cores of neutron stars (NSs) near the maximum mass realize the most highly compressed matter in the universe where quark degrees of freedom may be liberated. Such a state of dense matter is hypothesized as quark matter (QM) and its presence has awaited to be confirmed for decades in nuclear physics. Gravitational waves from binary NS mergers are expected to convey useful information called the equation of state (EOS). However, the signature for QM with realistic EOS is not yet established. Here, we show that the gravitational wave in the post-merger stage can distinguish the theory scenarios with and without a transition to QM. Instead of adopting specific EOSs as studied previously, we compile reliable EOS constraints from the ab initio approaches. We demonstrate that early collapse to a black hole after NS merger signifies softening of the EOS associated with the onset of QM in accord with ab initio constraints. Nature of hadron-quark phase transition can be further constrained by the condition that electromagnetic counterparts need to be energized by the material left outside the remnant black hole.