标题： 扭曲电子波包被有限激光脉冲散射 显示英文标题

标题： Scattering of a twisted electron wavepacket by a finite laser pulse

摘要： 研究了带有涡旋的电子与线性偏振激光脉冲碰撞的行为，这一研究是在相对论量子力学框架内进行的。 为了更好地符合真实的实验条件，我们在初始电子态引入了高斯空间分布，并为激光脉冲引入了包络函数，因此沿激光传播方向，相互作用的两个物体都具有有限的尺寸。 对于这个设定，我们分析了与电子态相关的各种可观测量的动力学行为：概率密度、角动量以及空间坐标的平均值。 研究表明，通过平均具有不同横向动量分量方向的经典轨迹，可以准确描述涡旋波包的运动。 另一方面，全量子模拟表明，在横向平面内波包的环状结构可能会发生显著畸变，从而导致电子总角动量存在较大的不确定性。 当激光脉冲具有非零电场区域时，这种效应会在相互作用后仍然存在。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The behavior of a twisted electron colliding with a linearly polarized laser pulse is investigated within relativistic quantum mechanics. In order to better fit the real experimental conditions, we introduce a Gaussian spatial profile for the initial electron state as well as an envelope function for the laser pulse, so the both interacting objects have a finite size along the laser propagation direction. For this setup we analyze the dynamics of various observable quantities regarding the electron state: the probability density, angular momentum, and mean values of the spatial coordinates. It is shown that the motion of a twisted wavepacket can be accurately described by averaging over classical trajectories with various directions of the transverse momentum component. On the other hand, full quantum simulations demonstrate that the ring structure of the wavepacket in the transverse plane can be significantly distorted leading to large uncertainties in the total angular momentum of the electron. This effect remains after the interaction once the laser pulse has a nonzero electric-field area.