标题： 一阶相变中弱相互作用粒子产生的引力波 显示英文标题

标题： Gravitational Waves from Feebly Interacting Particles in a First Order Phase Transition

摘要： 一阶相变是早期宇宙中引力波（GWs）的合理且广泛研究的来源。 在这些相变过程中释放的真空能被认为主要传递给真真空气泡的膨胀壁，这些气泡的碰撞产生引力波，或者传递给周围的等离子体，产生声波和湍流，这些都作为引力波的来源。 在本信中，我们研究了一种迄今为止未被考虑的替代可能性：释放的能量主要传递给弱相互作用的粒子，这些粒子无法用流体描述，而是单独自由传播。 我们开发了研究此类配置产生引力波的理论框架，并证明这种引力波信号与传统来源相比具有定性的不同特征，并且可能被近未来的引力波探测器观测到。 显示英文摘要

摘要： First order phase transitions are well-motivated and extensively studied sources of gravitational waves (GWs) from the early Universe. The vacuum energy released during such transitions is assumed to be transferred primarily either to the expanding walls of bubbles of true vacuum, whose collisions source GWs, or to the surrounding plasma, producing sound waves and turbulence, which act as GW sources. In this Letter, we study an alternative possibility that has so far not been considered: the released energy gets transferred primarily to feebly interacting particles that do not admit a fluid description but simply free-stream individually. We develop the formalism to study the production of GWs from such configurations, and demonstrate that such GW signals have qualitatively distinct characteristics compared to conventional sources and are potentially observable with near-future GW detectors.