标题： $Λ$-规模报酬与个体最小外推原理 显示英文标题

标题： $Λ$-Returns to Scale and Individual Minimum Extrapolation Principle

摘要： 本文提出通过考虑每个观测企业的个体回报，利用$\Lambda$-回报不变假设来估计生产集的规模报酬。 沿着这一思路，全局技术被构建为所有个体技术的交集。 因此，提出了一个公理化基础来阐述$\Lambda$-回报不变的概念。 这种规模报酬的新表征包括了$\alpha$-回报不变的定义作为特殊情况，以及标准的非递增和非递减规模报酬模型。 提出了一种基于拟合优度方法的非参数程序来评估这些个体规模报酬。 为了说明$\Lambda$-回报不变假设的概念，提供了一个基于包含1987-2018年间构成整个美国经济的63个行业的数据集的实证例子。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This paper proposes to estimate the returns-to-scale of production sets by considering the individual return of each observed firm through the notion of $\Lambda$-returns to scale assumption. Along this line, the global technology is then constructed as the intersection of all the individual technologies. Hence, an axiomatic foundation is proposed to present the notion of $\Lambda$-returns to scale. This new characterization of the returns-to-scale encompasses the definition of $\alpha$-returns to scale, as a special case as well as the standard non-increasing and non-decreasing returns-to-scale models. A non-parametric procedure based upon the goodness of fit approach is proposed to assess these individual returns-to-scale. To illustrate this notion of $\Lambda$-returns to scale assumption, an empirical illustration is provided based upon a dataset involving 63 industries constituting the whole American economy over the period 1987-2018.