标题： 混沌、宇宙射线各向异性与日球层 显示英文标题

标题： Chaos, Cosmic Ray Anisotropy, and the Heliosphere

摘要： 在发现宇宙射线一个多世纪之后，我们仍然无法全面描述它们的起源、传播和组成。 其中一个困难在于这些粒子与磁场相互作用；因此，它们的方向信息会在传播过程中发生扭曲。 此外，当宇宙射线（CRs）在银河系中传播时，可能会受到暂时捕获它们的磁结构的影响，导致它们的轨迹表现出混沌行为，从而改变简单的扩散情景。 在这里，我们研究了混沌和捕获对TeV宇宙射线各向异性的影响。 具体来说，我们开发了一种新的方法来研究CRs的混沌行为。 这项工作基于日球层效应，因为它们对这种各向异性可能非常显著。 具体而言，不同的日球层结构如何影响混沌水平。 我们将日球层建模为一个由静态磁瓶和时间磁扰动组成的相干磁结构。 这种配置用于描述局域星际磁场线围绕日球层的缠绕以及由太阳活动周期引起的磁场反转效应。 在这项工作中，我们探讨了粒子轨迹在穿越和暂时被困在这个受日球层启发的玩具模型时可能出现混沌行为的可能性及其对CR到达分布的潜在影响。 结果表明，轨迹中的混沌程度与粒子在系统中停留的时间有关。 这种关系可以用一种幂律来描述，这可能是系统固有的特性。 此外，到达分布图显示了不同混沌行为存在的区域，这些区域可以构成CR图中的时间可变性来源，并且对于理解地球上的各向异性至关重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： After more than a century of discovering cosmic rays, a comprehensive description of their origin, propagation, and composition still eludes us. One of the difficulties is that these particles interact with magnetic fields; therefore, their directional information is distorted as they travel. In addition, as cosmic rays (CRs) propagate in the Galaxy, they can be affected by magnetic structures that temporarily trap them and cause their trajectories to display chaotic behavior, therefore modifying the simple diffusion scenario. Here, we examine the effects of chaos and trapping on the TeV CR anisotropy. Concretely, we develop a new method to study the chaotic behavior of CRs. This work is based on the heliospheric effects since they can be remarkably significant for this anisotropy. Specifically, how the distinct heliospheric structures can affect chaos levels. We model the heliosphere as a coherent magnetic structure given by a static magnetic bottle and the presence of temporal magnetic perturbations. This configuration is used to describe the draping of the local interstellar magnetic field lines around the heliosphere and the effects of magnetic field reversals induced by the solar cycles. In this work, we explore the possibility that particle trajectories may develop chaotic behavior while traversing and being temporarily trapped in this heliospheric-inspired toy model and its potential consequences on the CR arrival distribution. It was found that the level of chaos in a trajectory is linked to the time the particles remain trapped in the system. This relation is described by a power law that could prove to be inherently characteristic of the system. Also, the arrival distribution maps show areas where the different chaotic behaviors are present, which can constitute a source of time-variability in the CR maps and can prove critical in understanding the anisotropy on Earth.