标题： 统计纯双星中低加速度下标准引力失效的有力证据，无隐藏伴星的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Robust Evidence for the Breakdown of Standard Gravity at Low Acceleration from Statistically Pure Binaries Free of Hidden Companions

摘要： 发现通过严格的天体测量测量和径向速度要求选择的盖亚DR3双星，在投影分离为$s \lesssim 2$天文单位时，自然满足牛顿动力学，没有隐藏的近距离伴星，这表明可以选出纯双星。 随后发现，用相同标准选出的纯双星在$s \gtrsim 2$天文单位时显示出与牛顿预期的系统偏差。 当自行和视差的精度都优于0.005，并且径向速度优于0.2时，我在一个“干净”的$G$波段绝对星等范围内获得了2,463个统计上纯的双星。 从这个样本中，我得到了观测到的运动学加速度与牛顿预测的加速度比值为$\gamma_g=g_{\rm{obs}}/g_{\rm{pred}}=1.49^{+0.21}_{-0.19}$，对于加速度$\lesssim 10^{-10}$米每秒$^{-2}$，与一个包含更多隐藏近距离伴星的更大普通样本的$1.49\pm 0.07$非常一致，该样本的隐藏近距离伴星数量已自我校准。 我还研究了未进行三维空间去投影的叠加天球投影相对速度的径向分布。 观察到的轮廓在$s \lesssim 2$kau 下与牛顿预测轮廓相匹配，没有任何自由参数，但在更大的分离处显示出显著偏差，显著性为$\approx 5.0\sigma$。 对于$s\gtrsim 5$kau 的投影速度增强因子测量值为$\gamma_{v_p} = 1.20\pm 0.06$（统计）$\pm 0.05$（系统），与$\sqrt{\gamma_g}$相符。 最后，对于一个包含40个双星的小样本，其径向速度特别精确（分数误差$<0.005$），在三维空间中直接测量的相对速度在更大分离处也显示出增强。 这些结果稳健地确认了近期报告的低加速度下的引力异常，适用于一般样本。 显示英文摘要

摘要： It is found that Gaia DR3 binary stars selected with stringent requirements on astrometric measurements and radial velocities naturally satisfy Newtonian dynamics without hidden close companions when projected separation $s \lesssim 2$ kau, showing that pure binaries can be selected. It is then found that pure binaries selected with the same criteria show a systematic deviation from the Newtonian expectation when $s \gtrsim 2$ kau. When both proper motions and parallaxes are required to have precision better than 0.005 and radial velocities better than 0.2, I obtain 2,463 statistically pure binaries within a `clean' $G$-band absolute magnitude range. From this sample, I obtain an observed to Newtonian predicted kinematic acceleration ratio of $\gamma_g=g_{\rm{obs}}/g_{\rm{pred}}=1.49^{+0.21}_{-0.19}$ for acceleration $\lesssim 10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$, in excellent agreement with $1.49\pm 0.07$ for a much larger general sample with the amount of hidden close companions self-calibrated. I also investigate the radial profile of stacked sky-projected relative velocities without a deprojection to the 3D space. The observed profile matches the Newtonian predicted profile for $s \lesssim 2$ kau without any free parameters but shows a clear deviation at a larger separation with a significance of $\approx 5.0\sigma$. The projected velocity boost factor for $s\gtrsim 5$ kau is measured to be $\gamma_{v_p} = 1.20\pm 0.06$ (stat) $\pm 0.05$ (sys) matching $\sqrt{\gamma_g}$. Finally, for a small sample of 40 binaries with exceptionally precise radial velocities (fractional error $<0.005$) the directly measured relative velocities in the 3D space also show a boost at larger separations. These results robustly confirm the recently reported gravitational anomaly at low acceleration for a general sample.