标题： 暗能量从Pantheon+ Ia超新星数据的约束 显示英文标题

标题： Dark Energy Constraints from Pantheon+ Ia Supernovae Data

摘要： 通过使用标准烛光测量宇宙当前的膨胀率$H_0$，与从宇宙微波背景（CMB）观测中得出的结果不一致。 这种差异被称为哈勃张力，其程度显著，并暗示可能需要对标准宇宙学模型（宇宙学常数$\Lambda$和冷暗物质 -$\Lambda$CDM）进行修订。 引入相对于$\Lambda$CDM 的膨胀历史偏差的动态暗能量（DE）模型有可能解释这一张力。 我们使用Ia型超新星（SNe）数据来测试一个由随宇宙尺度因子$a$线性变化的状态方程组成的动态DE模型。 为了评估该模型，我们开发了一种新的统计量（$T_{\alpha}$统计量），该统计量与一个优化代码结合使用，以最小化其值来获得模型参数。 $T_{\alpha}$统计量相比$\chi^2$统计量减少了偏差误差，因为它保留了残差的符号，在测试动态 DE 模型时这具有意义，因为该模型引入的膨胀历史偏差在红移空间中是不对称的。 DE 模型合理地拟合了超新星数据，但现有的超新星数据统计功效不足以区分$\Lambda$CDM 模型和其他替代模型。 为了进一步利用 CMB 数据评估该模型，我们计算了最后散射面的距离，并将结果与普朗克观测得出的结果进行了比较。 尽管所测试的简单动态 DE 模型并未完全解决张力，但数据并未排除该模型，它仍可能与其他物理效应共同发挥作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Measurements of the current expansion rate of the Universe, $H_0$, using standard candles, disagree with those derived from observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This discrepancy, known as the Hubble tension, is substantial and suggests the possibility of revisions to the standard cosmological model (Cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and cold dark matter - $\Lambda$CDM). Dynamic dark energy (DE) models that introduce deviations in the expansion history relative to $\Lambda$CDM could potentially explain this tension. We used Type Ia supernovae (SNe) data to test a dynamic DE model consisting of an equation of state that varies linearly with the cosmological scale factor $a$. To evaluate this model, we developed a new statistic (the $T_{\alpha}$ statistic) used in conjunction with an optimization code that minimizes its value to obtain model parameters. The $T_{\alpha}$ statistic reduces bias errors (in comparison to the $\chi^2$ statistic) because it retains the sign of the residuals, which is meaningful in testing the dynamic DE model as the deviations in the expansion history introduced by this model act asymmetrically in redshift space. The DE model fits the SNe data reasonably well, but the available SNe data lacks the statistical power to discriminate between $\Lambda$CDM and alternative models. To further assess the model using CMB data, we computed the distance to the last scattering surface and compared the results with that derived from the Planck observations. Although the simple dynamic DE model tested does not completely resolve the tension, it is not ruled out by the data and could still play a role alongside other physical effects.