标题： 检索应用于决策树框架可以表征类地系外行星模拟物 显示英文标题

标题： Retrievals Applied To A Decision Tree Framework Can Characterize Earth-like Exoplanet Analogs

摘要： 未来计划的系外行星特征探测任务将很快能够开展太阳系外生命搜索。 搜索的关键在于开发能够寻找生物标志物同时保持观测效率的生命检测策略。 在本研究中，我们采用了一种新开发的生物标志物决策树策略，用于对类地系外行星进行远程特征分析。 该决策树提供了一个逐步路线图，以基于地球生物圈及其随时间的演变来检测系外行星生物标志物并排除假阳性信号。 我们遵循了对现代类地行星和原生代类地行星进行特征分析的路径，并评估了与《宜居世界观测站》（HWO）前期研究一致的日冕仪带宽组合相关的观测权衡。 通过对每个带宽（或组合）的反演分析，我们展示了决策树的实用性，并评估了一套生物标志物化学物质和适居性指标（即H$_2$O、O$_2$、O$_3$、CH$_4$和CO$_2$的气体丰度）的不确定性。 值得注意的是，对于现代地球，通过三个战略性放置的波段（两个在可见光区域，一个在近红外区域），H$_2$O和O$_2$的丰度、行星表面压力和大气温度的1-$\sigma$不确定性范围小于一个数量级。 对于原生代， CH$_4$和 H$_2$O 可以在可见光区域通过一个波段检测到。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Exoplanet characterization missions planned for the future will soon enable searches for life beyond our solar system. Critical to the search will be the development of life detection strategies that can search for biosignatures while maintaining observational efficiency. In this work, we adopted a newly developed biosignature decision tree strategy for remote characterization of Earth-like exoplanets. The decision tree offers a step-by-step roadmap for detecting exoplanet biosignatures and excluding false positives based on Earth's biosphere and its evolution over time. We followed the pathways for characterizing a modern Earth-like planet and an Archean Earth-like planet and evaluated the observational trades associated with coronagraph bandpass combinations of designs consistent with The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) precursor studies. With retrieval analyses of each bandpass (or combination), we demonstrate the utility of the decision tree and evaluated the uncertainty on a suite of biosignature chemical species and habitability indicators (i.e., the gas abundances of H$_2$O, O$_2$, O$_3$, CH$_4$, and CO$_2$). Notably for modern Earth, less than an order of magnitude spread in the 1-$\sigma$ uncertainties were achieved for the abundances of H$_2$O and O$_2$, planetary surface pressure, and atmospheric temperature with three strategically placed bandpasses (two in the visible and one in the near-infrared). For the Archean, CH$_4$ and H$_2$O were detectable in the visible with a single bandpass.