标题： 极大望远镜上的光子灯笼的光谱天文学和成像科学 显示英文标题

标题： Spectroastrometry and Imaging Science with Photonic Lanterns on Extremely Large Telescopes

摘要： 光子灯笼（PLs）是一种锥形波导，逐渐从多模光纤几何结构过渡到单模光纤束。 在天文应用中，PLs 可以高效地将多模望远镜光线耦合到多模光纤入口，并将其转换为多个单模光束。 输出的光束非常稳定，适合馈入高分辨率光谱仪或光子芯片光束组合器。 例如，通过利用输出芯相对强度随波长的变化，PLs 可实现光谱天文学。 此外，通过在后端使用光束组合器干涉输出芯中的光束，PLs 可用于高通量干涉成像。 当应用于极大望远镜（ELT）时，由于其灵敏度和角分辨率的提高，PLs 的成像和光谱天文学能力将扩展到更高的对比度和更小的角度尺度。 我们研究了 PLs 在 ELT 上的潜在光谱天文学和成像科学案例，包括系外卫星、类星体宽线区以及恒星周围的内盘研究。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Photonic lanterns (PLs) are tapered waveguides that gradually transition from a multi-mode fiber geometry to a bundle of single-mode fibers. In astronomical applications, PLs can efficiently couple multi-mode telescope light into a multi-mode fiber entrance and convert it into multiple single-mode beams. The output beams are highly stable and suitable for feeding into high-resolution spectrographs or photonic chip beam combiners. For instance, by using relative intensities in the output cores as a function of wavelength, PLs can enable spectroastrometry. In addition, by interfering beams in the output cores with a beam combiner in the backend, PLs can be used for high-throughput interferometric imaging. When used on an Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), with its increased sensitivity and angular resolution, the imaging and spectroastrometric capabilities of PLs will be extended to higher contrast and smaller angular scales. We study the potential spectroastrometry and imaging science cases of PLs on ELTs, including study of exomoons, broad-line regions of quasars, and inner circumstellar disks.