标题： 中微子截面提取的数学方法 显示英文标题

标题： Mathematical methods for neutrino cross-section extraction

摘要： 精确的中微子-核反应建模在加速器基振荡实验中变得越来越重要，因为这些实验正在寻求解答关于中微子性质的开放性问题。 为了指导所需模型的改进，越来越多的实验合作组正在开展一系列广泛的中微子相互作用测量，能量在千兆电子伏特范围内。 在大多数此类分析中，关键步骤是截面提取，其中测量的事件计数会校正背景污染和探测器性能不完善的问题，以得到可以直接与理论预测比较的截面结果。 在本文中，我回顾了文献中主要的截面提取方法，并使用MINERvA、MicroBooNE和T2K实验中的代表性例子进行说明。 然后，我介绍了两种数学技术，即分块展开和条件协方差背景约束，这些技术克服了典型截面提取程序的一些局限性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Precise modeling of neutrino-nucleus scattering is becoming increasingly important as accelerator-based oscillation experiments seek definitive answers to open questions about neutrino properties. To guide the needed model refinements, a growing number of experimental collaborations are pursuing a wide-ranging program of neutrino interaction measurements at GeV energies. A key step in most such analyses is cross-section extraction, in which measured event counts are corrected for background contamination and imperfect detector performance to yield cross-section results that are directly comparable to theoretical predictions. In this paper, I review the major approaches to cross-section extraction in the literature using representative examples from the MINERvA, MicroBooNE, and T2K experiments. I then present two mathematical techniques, blockwise unfolding and the conditional covariance background constraint, which overcome some limitations of typical cross-section extraction procedures.