标题： 反应堆中微子探测器几种几何结构的方向响应 显示英文标题

标题： Directional Response of Several Geometries for Reactor-Neutrino Detectors

摘要： 我们报告了对六种低能电子反中微子探测器设计的模拟研究，目的是确定它们解析反中微子源方向的能力。 这种目标质量在一吨量级的探测器非常适合在距离反应堆核心5-25米的距离进行反应堆监控。 它们可以准确测量反应堆运行功率、燃料混合物和燃耗，以及在非接触合作反应堆场景（如国际原子能机构使用的场景）中提供无与伦比的核不扩散信息。 全球多个小组正在开展开发类似本研究中某些探测器的项目。 在此，我们考察并比较了几种探测器几何结构的方法，以评估它们不仅能够检测逆β衰变（IBD）反应，还能确定入射反中微子的源方向的能力。 这些探测器的信息提供了对反应堆功率和燃烧情况的见解，这在限制秘密生产武器材料方面尤其有用。 在实际部署中，防扩散探测器必须能够隔离目标反应堆，可能需要从大量功率更大的反应堆中分离出来；方向灵敏度可以大大帮助完成这项任务。 我们还讨论了将此类探测器用于更远距离观测反应堆的含义，距离从几公里到几百公里不等。 我们已经对六种抽象化的探测器设计进行了建模，其中包括两种我们有操作数据用于验证计算机建模和分析过程的探测器。 我们发现，无论规模和范围如何，最有前途的选项的角度分辨率在几度量级，这比实践中已达到的任何结果至少好两倍。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We report simulation studies of six low-energy electron-antineutrino detector designs, with the goal of determining their ability to resolve the direction to an antineutrino source. Such detectors with target masses on the one-ton scale are well-suited to reactor monitoring at distances of 5--25 meters from the core. They can provide accurate measurements of reactor operating power, fuel mix, and burnup, as well as unsurpassed nuclear non-proliferation information in a non-contact cooperating reactor scenario such as those used by IAEA. A number of groups around the world are working on programs to develop detectors similar to some of those in this study. Here, we examine and compare several approaches to detector geometry for their ability not only to detect the inverse beta decay (IBD) reaction, but also to determine the source direction of incident antineutrinos. The information from these detectors provides insight into reactor power and burning profile, which is especially useful in constraining the clandestine production of weapons material. In a live deployment, a non-proliferation detector must be able to isolate the subject reactor, possibly from a field of much-larger power reactors; directional sensitivity can help greatly with this task. We also discuss implications for using such detectors in longer-distance observation of reactors, from a few km to hundreds of km. We have modeled six abstracted detector designs, including two for which we have operational data for validating our computer modeling and analytical processes. We have found that the most promising options, regardless of scale and range, have angular resolutions on the order of a few degrees, which is better than any yet achieved in practice by a factor of at least two.