标题： 相对论重离子碰撞中的自旋极化 显示英文标题

标题： Spin polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

摘要： 自旋极化的首次预测和实验观测开启了相对论重离子碰撞中的全新物理章节。 在实验和理论层面，人们已经取得了大量进展，以理解其特性。 本文综述了该领域的最新进展。 涵盖的主题包括超子的整体与局部自旋极化以及矢量介子的整体自旋排列的测量回顾。 我们介绍了描述夸克-胶子等离子体等相对论流体中自旋极化的基本理论框架，包括统计量子场论、局域热力学平衡、自旋流体力学、带有自旋的相对论运动学理论以及凝聚模型。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Polarization has opened a new physics chapter in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Since the first prediction and experimental observation of global spin polarization, a lot of progress has been made in understanding its features, both at experimental and theoretical level. In this paper, we give an overview on the recent advances in this field. The covered topics include a review of measurements of global and local spin polarization of hyperons and the global spin alignment of vector mesons. We account for the basic theoretical framework to describe spin polarization in a relativistic fluid such as the Quark Gluon Plasma, including statistical quantum field theory and local thermodynamic equilibrium, spin hydrodynamics, relativistic kinetic theory with spin and coalescence models.