标题： 旋转黑洞的相对论空气动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Relativistic aerodynamics of spinning black holes

摘要： 天体黑洞并非存在于真空中，其运动受到星系环境的影响。 当一个黑洞移动时，它会吸引恒星和物质，从而形成一个尾流，这个尾流反过来施加一种有效的摩擦力，减缓黑洞的速度。 这种力被称为动力学摩擦力，它具有显著的后果，从超大质量黑洞双星的形成到双星合并相位的改变。 在这项工作中，我们研究了自旋黑洞在介质中的运动。 我们发现，沿速度方向的经典阻力被修改，并出现了两种新力：一种旋转力，在流体力学中称为马格努斯力，以及一种垂直于运动方向的升力。 我们发展了一种基于第一性原理的完全相对论处理方法，用于这两种环境中自旋引起的空气动力学力：i）无碰撞粒子介质和ii）轻标量场，探讨这两种情况之间的差异。 在这两种情况下，我们都发现总旋转力的作用方向与经典设置下的旋转球体穿过流体的情况相反。 最后，我们评论了这些新效应对天文学和引力波观测的后果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Astrophysical black holes do not exist in vacuum, and their motion is affected by the galactic environment. As a black hole moves it attracts stars and matter, creating a wake that, in turn, exerts an effective friction slowing down the black hole. This force is known as dynamical friction, and has significant consequences, ranging from the formation of supermassive black hole binaries to modifications in the phase of binary mergers. In this work we explore the motion of spinning black holes on a medium. We find that the classical drag along the velocity direction is modified and two novel forces appear: a rotational force, which in the context of fluid dynamics is dubbed the Magnus force, and a lift, orthogonal to the direction of motion. We develop a first-principles fully-relativistic treatment of these spin-induced aerodynamic forces in two types of environment: i) collisionless corpuscular matter and ii) a light scalar field, exploring the differences between both cases. In both cases we find that the total rotational force acts precisely in the opposite direction as compared to the classical set-up of a spinning ball moving through a fluid. Finally, we comment on the consequences of these new effects for astrophysics and gravitational wave observations.