标题： 旋转黑洞的相对论流体力学 显示英文标题

标题： Relativistic aerodynamics of spinning black holes

摘要： 天体物理黑洞不存在于真空中，它们的运动受到星系环境的影响。 当黑洞运动时，它会吸引恒星和物质，形成一个尾流，这个尾流反过来会产生一种有效的摩擦力，减缓黑洞的运动。 这种力被称为动力摩擦，其影响重大，从超大质量黑洞双星的形成到双星合并相位的修改都有涉及。 在本工作中，我们研究了旋转黑洞在介质中的运动。 我们发现经典的沿速度方向的阻力被修改，并出现了两种新的力：一种是旋转力，在流体力学的背景下称为马格努斯力，另一种是与运动方向垂直的升力。 我们发展了一种从头开始的完全相对论性的处理方法，研究这两种由自旋引起的空气动力学力在两种环境中的表现：i) 无碰撞的粒子物质和ii) 轻量标量场，探讨了这两种情况之间的差异。 在两种情况下，我们都发现总旋转力的作用方向与经典设定中旋转球体在流体中运动的情况正好相反。 最后，我们对这些新效应对天体物理和引力波观测的影响进行了评论。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Astrophysical black holes do not exist in vacuum, and their motion is affected by the galactic environment. As a black hole moves it attracts stars and matter, creating a wake that, in turn, exerts an effective friction slowing down the black hole. This force is known as dynamical friction, and has significant consequences, ranging from the formation of supermassive black hole binaries to modifications in the phase of binary mergers. In this work we explore the motion of spinning black holes on a medium. We find that the classical drag along the velocity direction is modified and two novel forces appear: a rotational force, which in the context of fluid dynamics is dubbed the Magnus force, and a lift, orthogonal to the direction of motion. We develop a first-principles fully-relativistic treatment of these spin-induced aerodynamic forces in two types of environment: i) collisionless corpuscular matter and ii) a light scalar field, exploring the differences between both cases. In both cases we find that the total rotational force acts precisely in the opposite direction as compared to the classical set-up of a spinning ball moving through a fluid. Finally, we comment on the consequences of these new effects for astrophysics and gravitational wave observations.