标题： 惯性KMS态的不相交性及洛伦兹对称性在热化中的作用 显示英文标题

标题： Disjointness of inertial KMS states and the role of Lorentz symmetry in thermalization

摘要： 对于闵可夫斯基时空上的任何局部的、平移协变的量子场论，我们证明了两个在不同惯性参考系中的惯性时间演化下不变的不同的状态是不相交的，即： 一个状态不是另一个状态的微扰，如果这些状态是原始的，具有分离的Gelfand-Naimark-Segal（GNS）向量，并满足一种称为混合性质的类时聚类性质。 这些条件由自由标量场的惯性Kubo-Martin-Schwinger（KMS）状态满足，因此表明相对于一个惯性框架满足KMS条件的状态相对于其他惯性框架远离热平衡。 我们回顾开放量子系统理论中回到平衡（RTE）的性质，并讨论不相交性对耦合到自由无质量标量场状态的探测器系统的渐近行为的影响。 我们认为，在KMS状态或其激发态中的相对于场以恒定速度运动的Unruh-DeWitt探测器的耦合系统，在一般条件下无法达到热平衡。 这导致了惯性系统中的热浴与所谓的Unruh效应“热浴”之间的物理差异的说明。 本文还概述了Unruh-DeWitt探测器与相对于探测器的惯性静止框架处于KMS状态的无质量标量场耦合的量子动力系统的构造和RTE性质。 显示英文摘要

摘要： For any local, translation-covariant quantum field theory on Minkowski spacetime, we prove that two distinct states that are invariant under the inertial time evolutions in different inertial reference frames are disjoint, i.e. neither state is a perturbation of the other, if the states are primary, have separating Gelfand-Naimark-Segal (GNS) vectors, and satisfy a timelike cluster property called the mixing property. These conditions are fulfilled by the inertial Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) states of the free scalar field, thus showing that a state satisfying the KMS condition relative to one inertial frame is far from thermal equilibrium relative to other inertial frames. We review the property of return to equilibrium (RTE) in open quantum systems theory and discuss the implications of disjointness on the asymptotic behavior of detector systems coupled to states of a free massless scalar field. We argue that the coupled system of an Unruh-DeWitt detector moving with constant velocity relative to the field in a KMS state, or an excitation thereof, cannot thermalize under generic conditions. This leads to an illustration of the physical differences between heat baths in inertial systems and the alleged "heat bath" of the Unruh effect. This paper also sketches the construction and RTE property of the quantum dynamical system of an Unruh-DeWitt detector coupled to a massless scalar field in a KMS state relative to the inertial rest frame of the detector.