标题： 边缘上的最小SU(5)理论：有效性的重要性 显示英文标题

标题： Minimal SU(5) theory on the edge: the importance of being effective

摘要： 众所周知，最小可重整化的$SU(5)$大统一理论被排除了：它预测下夸克和带电轻子具有相同的质量，规范耦合不统一，中微子无质量。 我们在这里表明，通过添加高维有效算符可以同时解决所有这些问题。 然而，该理论处于边缘，因为统一尺度大约低至$10^{14}\,$GeV，威胁着质子的寿命。 如果质子寿命的下限提高一个数量级，弱相互作用尺度和统一尺度之间的通常能量沙漠将被填充。 我们还重新审视了该理论的两种最小扩展，它们提供了中微子质量的动力学跷跷板起源，并讨论了由此产生的后果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： It is well known that the minimal renormalizable $SU(5)$ grand unified theory is ruled out: it predicts same masses of down quarks and charged leptons, the gauge couplings do not unify and neutrinos are massless. We show here that all this can be cured simultaneously by the addition of higher-dimensional effective operators. However, the theory lives on the edge since the unification scale turns out as low as roughly $10^{14}\,$GeV, threatening proton longevity. If the lower bound on the proton lifetime was to be increased by an order of magnitude, the usual desert in energies between the weak and unification scales would be populated. We also revisit two minimal extensions of this theory that offer a dynamical seesaw origin of neutrino mass, and discuss the resulting consequences.