标题： 精确的热流通过重组主方程 显示英文标题

标题： Accurate heat currents via reorganised master equation

摘要： 在量子技术中，准确描述纳米尺度量子系统与其环境之间的能量交换具有至关重要的意义，并且是量子热力学的核心。 在这里，我们表明，为了通过微扰主方程准确近似稳态热流，必须仔细考虑由耦合引起的系统能级重组修正。 如果不这样做，可能会导致显著的误差，特别是在低温甚至中温条件下尤为如此。 具体而言，我们展示了当重组能较弱并且处理具有宽频谱的环境时，“重组主方程”可以非常准确地估计热流。 值得注意的是，即使两种方程都以相同的微扰理论阶数推导，这种重组主方程在计算热流、模拟动力学以及正确捕捉平衡方面优于其“非重组”的对应方程。 最重要的是，与替代方法相比，使用重组主方程并不会带来额外的复杂性。 此外，为了确保热力学一致性而引入绝热近似并不会损害其精度。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The accurate characterisation of energy exchanges between nanoscale quantum systems and their environments is of paramount importance for quantum technologies, and central to quantum thermodynamics. Here, we show that, in order to accurately approximate steady-state heat currents via perturbative master equations, the coupling-induced reorganisation correction to the system's energy must be carefully taken into account. Not doing so, may yield sizeable errors, especially at low, or even moderate temperatures. In particular, we show how a 'reorganised master equation' can produce very accurate estimates for the heat currents when the reorganisation energy is weak and one works with environments with a broad spectrum. Notably, such master equation outperforms its 'non-reorganised' counterpart in the calculation of heat currents, at modelling dynamics, and at correctly capturing equilibration. This is so even if both types of equation are derived to the same order of perturbation theory. Most importantly, working with reorganised master equations does not involve additional complications when compared with alternative approaches. Also, invoking the secular approximation to secure thermodynamic consistency does not compromise their precision.