标题： 非微扰摩擦在对称性恢复相变中的作用 显示英文标题

标题： NLO friction in symmetry restoring phase transitions

摘要： 气泡/畴壁与周围介质之间的相互作用是一个活跃的研究领域，尤其是在一阶相变期间加速膨胀中的摩擦效应方面。 在本文中，我们首次分析了在规范对称性恢复的相变中相对论壁上的摩擦压力，特别是由于观察到这种压力在原则上可以是负的，因为一些粒子在进入新相时按定义失去质量。 然而，我们发现，在NLO（下一阶）情况下，来自带电流的矢量粒子的软发射导致压力为正，并且与壁的洛伦兹提升因子$\gamma_w$成比例，类似于规范对称性破缺的情况。 与后一种情况相反，我们发现单次发射的主要贡献避免了红外发散，并且对壁的形状有更强的依赖性。 最后，我们认为在任何相变中，壁上的任何多粒子过程都不能产生超过领先阶结果的负压，在大速度的渐近极限下如此。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Interactions between bubbles/domain walls and the surrounding medium are a topic of active research, particularly as they apply to friction effects on accelerated expansion during first-order phase transitions. In this paper, we analyze for the first time friction pressure on relativistic walls in phase transitions where gauge symmetry is restored, particularly motivated by the observation that this pressure can, in principle, be negative at leading order, since some particles lose mass by definition as they cross into the new phase. We find, however, that at NLO, the soft emission of vectors from a charged current leads to positive pressure scaling as the wall's Lorentz boost factor $\gamma_w$, similar to the case of gauge symmetry breaking. Contrary to the latter case, we find that the dominant contribution in single emission is safe from IR divergences and exhibits a much stronger dependence on the wall shape. Finally, we argue that in any phase transition, no multi-particle process on the wall can impart negative pressure greater than the leading order result, in the asymptotic limit of large velocity.