标题： 在轨实时光学增益校准MagAO-X使用非相干斑点 显示英文标题

标题： On-sky, real-time optical gain calibration on MagAO-X using incoherent speckles

摘要： 下一代极端自适应光学（AO）必须进行非常精确的校准，以实现地基直接成像系外行星目标所需的对比度。 当前波前传感和控制系统响应在夜间会偏离实验室校准，这是由于波前传感器（WFS）中的非线性性和信号损失。 这些变化的一个原因是光学增益（OG）效应，该效应表明实际波前与重建波前之间的差异对部分校正湍流的残余波前误差敏感。 这项工作详细介绍了在MagAO-X上对光学增益的实地测量，MagAO-X是安装在Magellan Clay 6.5米望远镜上的极端AO系统。 我们最终计划在可变形镜上使用高频时间探测方法来跟踪金字塔波前传感器（Pyramid WFS）上的光学增益。 用于在10-22 λ/D处创建点扩散函数（PSF）副本的高频时间探测方法，目前已被我们的系统用于日冕仪中心定位和观测后校准。 该方法得到了由模态响应测得的OG测量结果的支持，这些模态响应通过依次施加每个模态的探测同时测得。 当与DIMM测量结果结合跟踪时，光学增益校准显示出与斯特雷尔比（Strehl Ratio）的明显依赖关系，这种关系将被讨论。 这种更精确的校准方法是实现更高保真度校正和后处理技术的关键下一步，适用于地基直接成像系统。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The next generation of extreme adaptive optics (AO) must be calibrated exceptionally well to achieve the desired contrast for ground-based direct imaging exoplanet targets. Current wavefront sensing and control system responses deviate from lab calibration throughout the night due to non linearities in the wavefront sensor (WFS) and signal loss. One cause of these changes is the optical gain (OG) effect, which shows that the difference between actual and reconstructed wavefronts is sensitive to residual wavefront errors from partially corrected turbulence. This work details on-sky measurement of optical gain on MagAO-X, an extreme AO system on the Magellan Clay 6.5m. We ultimately plan on using a method of high-temporal frequency probes on our deformable mirror to track optical gain on the Pyramid WFS. The high-temporal frequency probes, used to create PSF copies at 10-22 lambda /D, are already routinely used by our system for coronagraph centering and post-observation calibration. This method is supported by the OG measurements from the modal response, measured simultaneously by sequenced pokes of each mode. When tracked with DIMM measurements, optical gain calibrations show a clear dependence on Strehl Ratio, and this relationship is discussed. This more accurate method of calibration is a crucial next step in enabling higher fidelity correction and post processing techniques for direct imaging ground based systems.