标题： 来自宇宙模拟的 massive black hole 合并宿主星系的特征 II：积分场单元光谱中的独特恒星动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Signatures of Massive Black Hole Merger Host Galaxies from Cosmological Simulations II: Unique Stellar Kinematics in Integral Field Unit Spectroscopy

摘要： 目前，尚缺乏识别由引力波实验（如LISA和脉冲星时间阵列）探测到的个体大质量黑洞（MBH）双星和合并宿主星系的安全方法，但这些方法对于实现各种科学目标至关重要。 最近，在Bardati等人（2024年，论文I）中，我们利用Romulus25宇宙学模拟表明，由于MBH合并宿主星系具有更强的核球，其在成像中表现出独特的形态。 在这里，我们使用相同的一组模拟MBH合并宿主星系样本，研究它们的恒星动力学特性，这些特性可以通过光学积分场单元（IFU）光谱来探测。 我们执行恒星群体合成和尘埃辐射转移，生成每个模拟星系的合成三维光学光谱数据立方体，并生成模拟恒星动力学图。 基于从这些图中导出的动力学参数组合的线性判别分析，我们证明这种方法可以识别MBH双星和合并宿主星系，其准确性随着啁啾质量和质量比的增加而提高。 对于具有高啁啾质量（>10^8.2 Msun）和高质量比（>0.5）的合并事件，其准确率达到>85%，并且其宿主星系的独特特征表现为较慢的旋转和更强的恒星动力学错位。 这些动力学特性通常与经历过重大合并的大质量早期型星系相关联，并自然充当高啁啾质量和质量比MBH双星和合并的标志。 这些结果表明，IFU光谱也应在未来的引力波探测到的MBH双星和合并的望远镜后续观测中发挥作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Secure methods for identifying the host galaxies of individual massive black hole (MBH) binaries and mergers detected by gravitational wave experiments such as LISA and Pulsar Timing Arrays are currently lacking, but will be critical to a variety of science goals. Recently in Bardati et al. (2024, Paper I), we used the Romulus25 cosmological simulation to show that MBH merger host galaxies have unique morphologies in imaging, due to their stronger bulges. Here, we use the same sample of simulated MBH merger host galaxies to investigate their stellar kinematics, as probed by optical integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy. We perform stellar population synthesis and dust radiative transfer to generate synthetic 3D optical spectral datacubes of each simulated galaxy, and produce mock stellar kinematic maps. Based on a linear discriminant analysis of a combination of kinematic parameters derived from these maps, we show that this approach can identify MBH binary and merger host galaxies with accuracies that increase with chirp mass and mass ratio. For mergers with high chirp masses (>10^8.2 Msun) and high mass ratios (>0.5), the accuracies reach >85%, and their host galaxies are uniquely characterized by slower rotation and stronger stellar kinematic misalignments. These kinematic properties are commonly associated with massive early-type galaxies that have experienced major mergers, and naturally act as signposts for MBH binaries and mergers with high chirp masses and mass ratios. These results suggest that IFU spectroscopy should also play a role in telescope follow-up of future MBH binaries and mergers detected in gravitational waves